4: Covenant (Berith) Rituals and Symbolism

1. Term: Berith — בְּרִית (Covenant)

Meaning: Formal agreement or treaty, especially between God and His people.

2. Historical-Cultural Context:

  • Covenants in the Ancient Near East often involved ritual ceremonies: animal sacrifices, blood sprinkling, meal-sharing, and oath-taking.
  • These rituals symbolized binding agreements and mutual commitments.
  • Covenant ceremonies served to solemnize the relationship and warn of consequences for breach.
  • Blood was a powerful symbol of life and sacred obligation.

3. Biblical Examples and Notes:

  • Genesis 15: God instructs Abraham to prepare animals for a covenant ceremony involving passing between the pieces, symbolizing a binding oath.
  • Exodus 24: Moses sprinkles blood on the altar and people, ratifying the Sinai covenant.
  • Covenant meals and sacrifices reinforce fellowship and solemn commitment.

4. Cultural Significance:

  • Rituals grounded the covenant in tangible, sacred acts understandable in their cultural setting.
  • They emphasized the seriousness and holiness of the divine-human relationship.
  • These practices shaped Israel’s identity, law, and worship.
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