Doctrinal, Denominational, and Ministerial Uses of the Term “Apostolic” in Christianity
1. Question
What does the term “Apostolic” mean in Christian theology and practice? Does it refer to teachings of the apostles, to a specific church or denomination, or to a particular style of ministry?
2. Core Definition
The word “Apostolic” comes from the Greek word apostolos (ἀπόστολος), meaning “one who is sent.” In Christian usage, “apostolic” generally refers to anything that pertains to or is derived from the apostles of Jesus Christ, especially in relation to:
- Doctrine (apostles’ teaching)
- Authority (apostolic leadership or office)
- Succession (unbroken line of ministry)
- Mission (being sent in the Spirit’s power)
3. Apostolic as Doctrinal Fidelity
3.1 Scriptural Basis
- Acts 2:42: “They continued steadfastly in the apostles’ doctrine and fellowship…”
- Jude 1:3: “Contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints.”
In this sense, “apostolic” refers to teachings faithfully grounded in the doctrines and practices of the original apostles—those commissioned by Jesus Christ. It is a theological anchor for orthodoxy, used across Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant traditions.
3.2 Examples
- The Apostles’ Creed is a summary of apostolic doctrine.
- Protestant churches often refer to “apostolic faith” when affirming biblical authority.
4. Apostolic as Denominational Identity
“Apostolic” is also the official name or descriptor of several Christian denominations, especially those rooted in Pentecostal or Holiness movements.
4.1 Examples
| Denomination | Description |
|---|---|
| The Apostolic Church (1916, Wales) | Trinitarian Pentecostal with fivefold ministry |
| United Pentecostal Church International (UPCI) | Oneness Apostolic, rejecting the Trinity |
| Apostolic Faith Mission | Classic Pentecostal denomination active globally |
These groups use “Apostolic” to assert either:
- A return to the spiritual authority and power of the early Church;
- A belief in apostolic succession or restoration;
- A claim to be governed or led by apostles, as per Ephesians 4:11.
5. Apostolic as a Style of Ministry
In broader charismatic and neo-Pentecostal circles, “apostolic” often refers to a type of leadership or ministerial function associated with:
- Church planting
- Regional oversight
- Strategic governance
- Prophetic vision and mobilisation
This view is derived from Ephesians 4:11–13, which lists apostles as one of the fivefold ministries given “to equip the saints.”
5.1 Distinctives of Apostolic Ministry
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| Pioneering | Breaking new ground in mission or doctrine |
| Governing | Oversight of multiple churches or networks |
| Impartational | Raising and sending leaders with authority |
| Prophetic-discernment | Perceived divine direction for the Church’s future |
Not all who use the term “apostolic” claim to be apostles, but they may follow apostolic methods or govern under apostolic covering.
6. Apostolic Succession (Historical View)
In Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican traditions, “apostolic” refers to episcopal succession—a direct line of ordination from the apostles through the bishops of the Church.
Catechism of the Catholic Church §861–862: “This living transmission… is called Tradition, since it is distinct from Sacred Scripture, though closely connected to it.”
In this view, “apostolic” is not just about teaching but about valid sacramental authority and historical continuity.
7. Summary of Meanings
| Use of “Apostolic” | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Doctrinal | Faithful to the original teachings of the apostles |
| Denominational | Belonging to a church that claims apostolic identity or restoration |
| Ministerial | Refers to a leadership style that reflects apostolic authority and mission |
| Successional | Linked to historical lineage through the ordination of bishops |
8. Conclusion
The term “Apostolic” is rich and multifaceted. It can mean adherence to the apostles’ doctrine, participation in a denomination claiming apostolic governance or revival, or practice of mission-driven leadership modelled on the apostles. Its precise meaning depends on context—doctrinal, institutional, historical, or functional—but all derive from the central New Testament idea of being sent by Christ to proclaim and establish His Kingdom.
9. References
- Catechism of the Catholic Church (1997), Vatican Publishing.
- González, J. L. (2010). The Story of Christianity, Vol. 2. HarperOne.
- Synan, V. (2001). The Century of the Holy Spirit. Thomas Nelson.
- McGrath, A. E. (2012). Christian Theology: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Kay, W. K. (2009). Pentecostalism. SCM Press.
- Ware, K. (1993). The Orthodox Church. Penguin.