1. Introduction
The Jerusalem Council, recorded in Acts 15, marks a pivotal moment of doctrinal debate among the apostles and elders concerning the inclusion of Gentile believers and the necessity of circumcision. This event reflects early church efforts to resolve theological conflict within the same generation.
2. Historical and Biblical Context
As Gentile conversions increased, a controversy arose regarding whether they should observe the Mosaic Law, particularly circumcision (Acts 15:1). Paul and Barnabas reported their Gentile mission success to the Jerusalem church, prompting a formal council.
3. The Debate
The council involved open discussion among apostles, elders, and the whole church (Acts 15:6). Peter argued that God had given the Holy Spirit to Gentiles without the law’s burden (Acts 15:7–11). James proposed a compromise to avoid burdening Gentiles unnecessarily (Acts 15:13–21).
4. Theological and Ecclesiastical Implications
- Salvation by Grace: Affirmed that Gentiles are accepted through faith, not law observance.
- Church Unity: Sought to maintain peace and unity across diverse cultural groups.
- Apostolic Authority: Demonstrated collaborative decision-making in doctrinal matters.
5. Scholarly Perspectives
N.T. Wright (2009) notes the council’s significance in defining Christian identity as inclusive yet distinct from Judaism.
6. Conclusion
The Jerusalem Council’s debate and resolution exemplify early church leadership addressing theological disputes with wisdom, preserving gospel purity and community harmony.
References
Acts 15; Galatians 2:1–10
Wright, N.T. (2009). Paul and the Faithfulness of God. Fortress Press.