Article 8: Jesus and the Pharisees – Repeated Confrontations over Law and Hypocrisy

, ,

1. Introduction
The Gospels document numerous confrontations between Jesus and the Pharisees, religious leaders who were zealous for the Mosaic Law yet often criticised by Jesus for their legalism and hypocrisy. These exchanges reveal deep theological and ethical tensions within first-century Judaism.

2. Historical and Biblical Context
The Pharisees were a prominent Jewish sect emphasising strict adherence to the Law and oral traditions. Jesus’ ministry challenged their interpretations, exposing tendencies towards self-righteousness, superficial piety, and neglect of justice and mercy (Matthew 23).

Jesus accused them of hypocrisy, comparing them to “whitewashed tombs” (Matthew 23:27). Their opposition culminated in plots to arrest and crucify Him (John 11:53).

3. Nature of the Conflict

  • Legalism versus Grace: Jesus emphasised the spirit and intent of the Law rather than mere external observance (Mark 2:27–28).
  • Hypocrisy and Pride: Jesus criticised the Pharisees’ emphasis on appearance over genuine righteousness.
  • Authority and Messianic Identity: Pharisees rejected Jesus’ claims, viewing Him as a threat to their religious authority.

4. Theological Implications

  • True Righteousness: Jesus calls for inward transformation rather than external conformity.
  • Mercy and Justice: The Law’s fulfilment involves compassion and humility (Micah 6:8).
  • Messiahship: Opposition to Jesus foreshadows the conflict between the old covenant system and the new covenant in Christ.

5. Scholarly Perspectives
E.P. Sanders (1993) notes that while Pharisees were sincere in their beliefs, their rigid interpretations conflicted with Jesus’ radical kingdom ethics. The Gospel narratives portray this tension as a central element in Jesus’ ministry.

6. Conclusion
The confrontations between Jesus and the Pharisees reveal the profound challenges of religious authority, legalism, and true spirituality. They serve as a caution against superficial religiosity and a call to authentic faithfulness.

References
Matthew 23; Mark 2:27–28; John 11:53; Micah 6:8
Sanders, E.P. (1993). The Historical Figure of Jesus. Penguin Books.

Home