The Writings – Wisdom, Poetry, and Post-Exilic Reflections
1. Introduction The Writings (Ketuvim) constitute the third and most diverse division of the Hebrew Bible. Encompassing poetry, wisdom literature,…
Category: Religion
The Old Testament Canon – Recognition and Closure
1. Introduction The question of how the Old Testament canon was formed has long been central to biblical scholarship and…
Inspiration and Authority in Jewish Tradition
1. Introduction The question of what makes a text Scripture is fundamentally tied to the concept of inspiration—the belief that…
Scripture in Synagogue and Daily Life
1. Introduction While the canon of the Hebrew Bible was formed over centuries, it was through daily usage, worship, and…
The Old Testament and the Septuagint – The Scriptures in Greek
1. Introduction The Septuagint (LXX) represents the earliest and most influential translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, rendered into Greek between…
From Scroll to Codex – The Transmission and Preservation of the Hebrew Bible
1. Introduction The Hebrew Bible’s survival through millennia is a testimony to the meticulous care, religious reverence, and technological adaptation…
The Hebrew Bible in the Life of Jesus and the Early Church
1. Introduction The Hebrew Bible was not merely a historical backdrop to the life of Jesus and the birth of…
The Old Testament and the Rise of the New
1. Introduction The transition from the Hebrew Bible to the New Testament does not represent a rupture in divine revelation…
Relationship Between OT & NT (Contents)
The Relationship Between the Old Testament and New Testament (Version 1) The Relationship Between the Old Testament and New Testament…
The Relationship Between the Old Testament and New Testament (Version 1)
1. Introduction The Christian Bible, comprising the Old and New Testaments, presents a theological continuity that spans diverse historical contexts,…
The Relationship Between the Old Testament and New Testament (Version 2)
1. Introduction The Bible, a canonical collection of sacred texts within the Christian tradition, is divided into two major divisions:…
Mere Christianity
Mere Christianity – C.S. Lewis 1. Full Citation Lewis, C.S. (1952) Mere Christianity. New York: Macmillan Publishing. 2. Introduction Mere…
The Cost of Discipleship
The Cost of Discipleship – Dietrich Bonhoeffer 1. Full Citation Bonhoeffer, D. (1937) The Cost of Discipleship. Translated by R.H.…
Confessions
Confessions – St. Augustine 1. Full Citation Augustine of Hippo (c. 397–400) Confessions. Translated by Henry Chadwick (1991). Oxford: Oxford…
Institutes of the Christian Religion
Institutes of the Christian Religion – John Calvin 1. Full Citation Calvin, J. (1536; final edition 1559) Institutes of the…
The City of God
The City of God – St. Augustine 1. Full Citation Augustine of Hippo (c. 413–426) The City of God. Translated…
Summa Theologica
Summa Theologica – Thomas Aquinas 1. Full Citation Aquinas, T. (1265–1274) Summa Theologica. Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican…
The Knowledge of the Holy
The Knowledge of the Holy – A.W. Tozer 1. Full Citation Tozer, A.W. (1961) The Knowledge of the Holy. New…
The Pursuit of God
The Pursuit of God – A.W. Tozer 1. Full Citation Tozer, A.W. (1948) The Pursuit of God. Camp Hill, PA:…
Systematic Theology
Systematic Theology – Wayne Grudem 1. Full Citation Grudem, W. (1994) Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Grand Rapids:…
Concise Theology
Concise Theology – J.I. Packer 1. Full Citation Packer, J.I. (1993) Concise Theology: A Guide to Historic Christian Beliefs. Wheaton,…
Everyone’s a Theologian
Everyone’s a Theologian – R.C. Sproul 1. Full Citation Sproul, R.C. (2014) Everyone’s a Theologian: An Introduction to Systematic Theology.…
What Christians Ought to Believe
What Christians Ought to Believe – Michael F. Bird 1. Full Citation Bird, M.F. (2016) What Christians Ought to Believe:…
The Divine Dance: The Trinity and Your Transformation
The Divine Dance: The Trinity and Your Transformation – Richard Rohr 1. Full Citation Rohr, R. with Morrell, M. (2016)…
The Drama of Doctrine: A Canonical-Linguistic Approach to Christian Theology
The Drama of Doctrine: A Canonical-Linguistic Approach to Christian Theology – Kevin J. Vanhoozer 1. Full Citation Vanhoozer, K.J. (2005)…
Simply Christian: Why Christianity Makes Sense
Simply Christian: Why Christianity Makes Sense – N.T. Wright 1. Full Citation Wright, N.T. (2006) Simply Christian: Why Christianity Makes…
The Crucifixion: Understanding the Death of Jesus Christ
The Crucifixion: Understanding the Death of Jesus Christ – Fleming Rutledge 1. Full Citation Rutledge, F. (2015) The Crucifixion: Understanding…
Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony
Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony – Richard Bauckham 1. Full Citation Bauckham, R. (2006) Jesus and…
The King Jesus Gospel: The Original Good News Revisited
The King Jesus Gospel: The Original Good News Revisited – Scot McKnight 1. Full Citation McKnight, S. (2011) The King…
The Resurrection of the Son of God
The Resurrection of the Son of God – N.T. Wright 1. Full Citation Wright, N.T. (2003) The Resurrection of the…
Nature of Divine and Earth (Contents)
Time and Eternity: God’s Timelessness vs. Human Waiting Divine Omniscience and Human Limitation Divine Omnipotence and Human Weakness God’s Sinless…
Time and Eternity: God’s Timelessness vs. Human Waiting
Section 1: Divine Temporality and Human Waiting: A Thought Experiment on 2 Peter 3:8 1. Introduction Time governs human life,…
Divine Omniscience and Human Limitation
Section 2: Knowledge and Wisdom — Divine Omniscience and Human Limitation 1. Introduction At the heart of Christian theology lies…
Divine Omnipotence and Human Weakness
Section 3: Power and Capability — Divine Omnipotence and Human Weakness 1. Introduction The power of God is one of…
God’s Sinless Purity vs. Human Fallenness
Section 4: Morality and Holiness — God’s Sinless Purity vs. Human Fallenness 1. Introduction Morality is not a human invention…
God’s Unchanging Will vs. Human Instability
Section 5: Will and Sovereignty — God’s Unchanging Will vs. Human Instability 1. Introduction The question of will—who controls events,…
God’s Omnipresence vs. Human Spatial Limitation
Section 6: Presence and Space — God’s Omnipresence vs. Human Spatial Limitation 1. Introduction The concept of presence is fundamental…
God’s Self-Existence vs. Human Dependence
Section 7: Essence and Being — God’s Self-Existence vs. Human Dependence 1. Introduction At the foundation of all metaphysics and…
God’s Perfect Love vs. Human Emotional Disorder
Section 8: Emotions and Affections — God’s Perfect Love vs. Human Emotional Disorder 1. Introduction Emotions are a profound part…
God’s Pure Word vs. Human Deception and Error
Section 9: Speech and Truthfulness — God’s Pure Word vs. Human Deception and Error 1. Introduction Language is one of…
God’s Perfect Judgement vs. Human Partiality and Moral Failure
Section 10: Justice and Mercy — God’s Perfect Judgement vs. Human Partiality and Moral Failure 1. Introduction Justice is at…
A Comparative Study of Joseph and David
Integrity and Temptation in the Bible: A Comparative Study of Joseph and David 1. Introduction The Bible presents rich narrative…
The Problem of Pain
The Problem of Pain – C.S. Lewis 1. Full Citation Lewis, C.S. (1940) The Problem of Pain. London: Geoffrey Bles.…
Bible Books Order – by Events (Contents)
The Grand Biblical Timeline: From Lucifer’s Fall to the New Creation The 66 Books of the Bible in Chronological Order…
The Grand Biblical Timeline: From Lucifer’s Fall to the New Creation
PRE-TEMPORAL (Before Genesis 1:1) CREATION AND EARLY HISTORY (Genesis 1–11) PATRIARCHAL ERA (Genesis 12–50) EXODUS AND LAW (Exodus–Deuteronomy) CONQUEST, JUDGES,…
The Parable of the Sower
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Sower 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Kingdom of God /…
The Parable of the Wheat and the Weeds (Tares)
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Wheat and the Weeds (Tares) 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category…
The Parable of the Mustard Seed
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Mustard Seed 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Kingdom of God…
The Parable of the Leaven
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Leaven(also known as The Parable of the Yeast) 2. Scripture Reference(s)…
The Parable of the Hidden Treasure
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Hidden Treasure 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Kingdom of God…
The Parable of the Pearl of Great Price
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Pearl of Great Price(also known as The Pearl of Great Value)…
The Parable of the Growing Seed
1. Introduction The Parable of the Growing Seed, found only in Mark’s Gospel (Mark 4:26–29), is one of Jesus’ shortest…
The Parable of the Dragnet
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Dragnet(also known as The Net) 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category…
The Parable of the Ten Virgins
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Ten Virgins(also known as The Wise and Foolish Virgins) 2. Scripture…
The Parable of the Talents
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Talents(related but distinct from The Parable of the Minas in Luke…
The Parable of the Minas
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Minas(also called The Ten Servants or The Pounds) 2. Scripture Reference(s)…
The Parable of the Sheep and the Goats
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Sheep and the Goats(also known as The Judgment of the Nations)…
The Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders(also known as The Two Foundations) 2. Scripture…
The Parable of the Faithful and Unfaithful Servants
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Faithful and Unfaithful Servants(also known as The Wise Manager or The…
The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Judgment and…
The Parable of the Lost Sheep
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Lost Sheep 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Grace, Mercy, and…
The Parable of the Lost Coin
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Lost Coin 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Grace, Mercy, and…
The Parable of the Prodigal Son
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Prodigal Son(also known as The Lost Son) 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3.…
The Parable of the Unforgiving Servant
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Unforgiving Servant 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Grace, Mercy, and…
The Parable of the Two Debtors
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Two Debtors 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Grace, Mercy, and…
The Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard(also known as The Labourers in the Vineyard)…
The Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category…
The Parable of the Cost of Discipleship
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Cost of Discipleship(also known as The Tower Builder and the Warring…
The Parable of the Friend at Midnight
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Friend at Midnight 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Discipleship and…
The Parable of the Unjust Judge (Persistent Widow)
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Unjust Judge(also known as The Persistent Widow) 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3.…
The Parable of the Rich Fool
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Rich Fool 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Discipleship and Faith;…
The Parable of the Dishonest Manager
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Dishonest Manager(also known as The Shrewd Steward) 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3.…
The Parable of the Lamp under a Basket
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Lamp under a Basket(also known as The Lamp on a Stand)…
The Parable of the New Cloth and New Wineskins
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the New Cloth and New Wineskins 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category…
The Parable of the Good Samaritan
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Good Samaritan 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Love and Mercy…
The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Love…
The Parable of the Great Banquet
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Great Banquet(also known as The Wedding Banquet) 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3.…
The Parable of the Two Sons
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Two Sons 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Love and Mercy…
The Parable of the Wicked Tenants
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Wicked Tenants(also known as The Parable of the Vineyard or The…
The Saying: The Salt of the Earth
1. Title of the Saying The Salt of the Earth 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Short Parabolic Sayings /…
The Saying: Light of the World
1. Title of the Saying The Light of the World 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Short Parabolic Sayings /…
The Saying: Eye as a Lamp
1. Title of the Saying The Eye as a Lamp of the Body 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Short…
The Saying: The Speck and the Log
1. Title of the Saying The Speck and the Log(also known as The Mote and the Beam) 2. Scripture Reference(s)…
The Saying: The Blind Leading the Blind
1. Title of the Saying The Blind Leading the Blind 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Short Parabolic Sayings /…
The Parable of the Wedding Banquet (Rejection)
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Wedding Banquet (with emphasis on rejection) 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic…
The Parable of the Rich Fool
1. Title of the Parable The Parable of the Rich Fool (with application to the Pharisees) 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3.…
Heaven, God’s Kingdom, and God’s Presence (Contents)
Heaven, God’s Kingdom, and God’s Presence in Biblical Theology Heaven and Ethical Living – Shaping Character through Eternal Perspective Kingdom…
Heaven, God’s Kingdom, and God’s Presence in Biblical Theology
1. Introduction In biblical theology, the themes of heaven, the Kingdom of God, and God’s presence are conceptually distinct yet…
Heaven and Ethical Living – Shaping Character through Eternal Perspective
1. Introduction The doctrine of heaven has long served as a beacon of hope within Christian theology, portraying the final…
Kingdom Ethics – Living Justly under God’s Rule
1. Introduction The proclamation of the Kingdom of God lies at the heart of Jesus’ message and mission. Far from…
Practising God’s Presence – Daily Discipleship and Moral Formation
1. Introduction The biblical affirmation of God’s presence is foundational to both Old and New Testament faith. From the Garden…
Early Christian Theologians on Heaven, God’s Kingdom, and God’s Presence
1. Introduction The early Church Fathers laid the foundations for Christian theological reflection on heaven, the Kingdom of God, and…
Medieval Theologians on Heaven, God’s Kingdom, and God’s Presence
1. Introduction The medieval period (c. 500–1500 AD) represents a pivotal era in the development of systematic theology, marked by…
Reformation Theologians on Heaven, God’s Kingdom, and God’s Presence
1. Introduction The Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century marked a watershed in Christian theology, reorienting the Church’s understanding of…
Modern Theologians on Heaven, God’s Kingdom, and God’s Presence
1. Introduction Modern theology, emerging in dialogue with historical criticism, philosophical modernity, and socio-political concerns, presents a nuanced engagement with…
Biblical Ethics in Daily Life: Applying Heaven, God’s Kingdom, and God’s Presence
1. Introduction Biblical ethics serve as a moral compass for Christian living, rooted not in abstract rules but in the…
Bible Summary – by Books (Contents)
1. Genesis (Bible Summary) 2. Exodus (Bible Summary) 3. Leviticus (Bible Summary) 4. Numbers (Bible Summary) 5. Deuteronomy (Bible Summary)…
1. Genesis (Bible Summary)
The Beginning of God’s Creation and the Patriarchs Introduction:Genesis is the first book of the Bible and the Pentateuch, traditionally…
2. Exodus (Bible Summary)
Deliverance and Covenant Introduction:Exodus is the second book in the Bible and part of the Pentateuch, traditionally attributed to Moses.…
3. Leviticus (Bible Summary)
A Manual of Worship and Holiness Introduction:Leviticus, the third book in the Pentateuch, is traditionally attributed to Moses. It continues…