Book 1: The Knowledge of God the Creator
Knowing God as Creator is the foundation of all wisdom and salvation. God reveals Himself through creation (natural revelation) and Scripture (special revelation). Calvin emphasizes God’s omnipotence, wisdom, and goodness. Divine sovereignty governs the universe with providence. Human beings are accountable to God as Creator. The knowledge of God directs true worship and moral living. This book establishes the groundwork for understanding God’s nature and relationship to creation.
Book 2: The Knowledge of God the Redeemer in Christ
Redemption is necessary because of humanity’s fall into sin and separation from God. Jesus Christ, fully God and fully man, accomplishes this redemption. Calvin expounds on the Trinity, incarnation, and atonement as central doctrines. Justification by faith alone is the core of salvation. God’s grace, not human effort, secures salvation. Christ’s work reconciles sinners to God and restores relationship. This book centers on God’s redemptive plan through Christ.
Book 3: The Way in Which We Receive the Grace of Christ
The benefits of redemption are applied by the Holy Spirit to believers. Regeneration, faith, and sanctification characterize the believer’s new life. Calvin describes perseverance in faith as essential to salvation’s completion. The sacraments, baptism and the Lord’s Supper, are means of grace and signs of God’s covenant. Growth in holiness is both a duty and a divine work. This book explores the practical outworking of salvation. It highlights the Spirit’s ongoing role in the Christian life.
Book 4: The External Means or Aids by Which God Invites Us into the Society of Christ and Holds Us Therein
The visible church plays a crucial role in sustaining faith through preaching, sacraments, and discipline. Proper church order and governance are necessary for spiritual health. Calvin warns against abuses that harm the church’s mission. Christian liberty involves ethical responsibility in society and civic life. The church is both a spiritual community and a moral witness. This book addresses the social and communal aspects of Christian faith. It concludes the Institutes by outlining how God sustains His people visibly.