Judaism
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Messianic Expectations in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism
Comparison of Messianic Expectations (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) š¦ 1. Identity of the Messiah Religion Who is the Messiah? Judaism A future human king from the line of David. Not divine. Has not yet come. Christianity Jesus is the Messiah ā divine Son of God, already came once, returning again. Islam…
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Historical Timeline of Jesus in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism
Historical Timeline: Development of Beliefs About Jesus 1ļøā£ Before Jesus (1000 BC ā 1 AD) Judaism Impact:Judaism enters the time of Jesus expecting earthly restoration, not Divine incarnation. 2ļøā£ Life of Jesus (c. 4 BC ā 30 AD) Christianity Judaism Impact:Christianity and Judaism diverge immediately over the definition of Messiah.…
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Jesus in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism
š¦ 1. Did Jesus ascend to Heaven? Religion Belief Christianity Yes. Jesus rose from the dead and ascended bodily into heaven. Islam Yes. Jesus was not crucified but was taken up alive by God. Judaism No. Judaism does not accept the New Testament and does not recognise an ascension. š¦…
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13: Place Names and Religious Pilgrimage: Mapping Sacred Journeys in Israel
1. Introduction Place names in Israel are deeply entwined with religious pilgrimage traditions across Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This article explores how the naming of pilgrimage sites shapes spiritual journeys, reinforces religious identities, and sustains cultural heritage. 2. Pilgrimage in Judaism Jewish pilgrimage traditionally centred on Jerusalem and its Temple…
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11: Comparative Analysis ā Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism on Human Nature
Human Composition in Biblical Theology 1. Introduction Human natureāwhat constitutes a person and what happens after deathāis a foundational question across all religious traditions. Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism each offer distinct perspectives on the composition of the human being, including views on the body, soul, spirit, and eternity.…
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6: The Holy Spirit in Early Judaism and Christianity
1. Term: Holy Spirit Meaning: Godās empowering presence and active force in the world and in believers. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Biblical and Extra-Biblical Examples: 4. Cultural Significance:
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7: Messiah Expectations in Second Temple Judaism
1. Term: Messiah ā ×Öøש֓×××Ö· (Mashiach) Meaning: Anointed one; expected deliverer and king. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Literary Examples: 4. Cultural Significance:
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Genesis: Creation, Covenant, and the Promise of Blessing ā A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction Genesis, the first book of the Torah/Pentateuch, serves as the foundational narrative for both Judaism and Christianity. It details the origins of the cosmos, humanity, sin, and Godās covenant with Abrahamāthe progenitor of Israel. While both religions revere Genesis as sacred Scripture, their doctrinal emphases diverge, especially concerning…
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Exodus: Deliverance, Covenant, and Divine Presence ā A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction The book of Exodus is pivotal in both Judaism and Christianity, recounting Israelās deliverance from Egyptian bondage and the establishment of the Sinai covenant. This narrative and legal corpus shapes foundational doctrines about Godās saving acts, lawgiving, and presence among His people. While Judaism emphasises national identity and…
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Leviticus: Holiness, Sacrifice, and Priestly Mediation ā A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction Leviticus, the third book of the Torah/Pentateuch, is primarily concerned with laws governing holiness, ritual purity, sacrifices, and the priesthood. It is foundational for Jewish religious life, prescribing detailed commandments for worship and ethical conduct. Christianity acknowledges Leviticusā importance but interprets its sacrificial and priestly system as fulfilled…
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Numbers: Wilderness Journey, Covenant Faithfulness, and Divine Provision ā A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction Numbers, the fourth book of the Torah/Pentateuch, narrates Israelās wilderness journey from Sinai to the borders of the Promised Land. It emphasizes Godās faithfulness amid Israelās testing, the organisation of the community, and covenant obedience. Judaism views Numbers as a testament to Godās steadfast covenantal relationship and disciplinary…
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Deuteronomy: Covenant Renewal, Law, and Love ā A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction Deuteronomy, the fifth and final book of the Torah/Pentateuch, functions as a covenant renewal document. It restates and expands the law originally given at Sinai, emphasising faithfulness, obedience, and the exclusive worship of Yahweh. Judaism regards Deuteronomy as a crucial text for covenant loyalty and ethical monotheism, while…
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Comparative Overview of Core Doctrines in Judaism and Christianity Based on the Torah/Pentateuch
1. Introduction The Torah, consisting of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, forms the doctrinal and narrative foundation for both Judaism and Christianity. Despite shared reverence for these texts, the two faiths have developed distinctive theological interpretations and doctrinal emphases. This article provides a systematic comparison of the main core…
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What Are the Major World Religions?
Comparative Religion Questions 1. Introduction The term āmajor world religionsā refers to religious traditions with substantial global influence, historical depth, and significant numbers of adherents. These religions have shaped civilisations, cultural identities, and moral systems across history. This analysis outlines: 2. Criteria for āMajor World Religionsā 2.1 Demographic Size Religions…
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How Are Monotheistic Religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism) Similar and Different?
Comparative Religion Questions 1. Introduction Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, often termed the Abrahamic religions, share historical and theological roots yet differ in doctrines, practices, and interpretations of revelation. This analysis examines: 2. Core Similarities 2.1 Monotheism All affirm belief in One God: 2.2 Abrahamic Lineage All trace spiritual heritage to…
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Article 13: Pharisees and Sadducees ā Religious and Theological Disputes in Second Temple Judaism
1. IntroductionWithin the religious landscape of Second Temple Judaism, the Pharisees and Sadducees were two prominent groups whose theological and political differences often brought them into conflict. Though both groups were influential contemporaneously, their disputes reveal tensions within the Jewish religious leadership during the time of Jesus and the early…
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PART VII: Hellenistic and Hasmonean Period (332ā63 BCE)
Alexander the Great and Hellenisation Historical Overview of the Hellenistic ConquestThe Hellenistic period begins with the conquests of Alexander the Great, who in 332 BCE swiftly incorporates the region of Judea into his expanding Macedonian-Greek empire. After defeating the Persian Empire, Alexander brings vast territoriesāincluding Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Levantāunder…
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Ministry, Crucifixion, and Resurrection of Jesus
Jesus in the First-Century Jewish ContextThe life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth must be understood within the complex socio-religious context of first-century Second Temple Judaism, a period marked by Roman occupation, theological diversity, messianic anticipation, and profound national longing. Born into a Jewish family in Roman-controlled Judea, Jesus lived…
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PART IX: Rabbinic Judaism and the Global Diaspora (135ā1800s CE)
Rise of Rabbinic Literature and Yeshivas Historical Context: From Temple to TextFollowing the catastrophic defeat in the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132ā135 CE) and the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE), Jewish life entered a new phase characterised by dispersion, decentralisation, and adaptation. Without a Temple, priesthood, or homeland, the…