NT

  • Romans (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • 1 Corinthians (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • 2 Corinthians (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • Galatians (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • Ephesians (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • Philippians (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • Colossians (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • 1 Thessalonians (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • 2 Thessalonians (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • 1 Timothy (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • 2 Timothy (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • Titus (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • Philemon (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • Hebrews (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • James (Bible Translation History)

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    1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…

  • The Meaning and Use of “Scripture” in Jewish Tradition and the Time of Jesus

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    1. Introduction The concept of Scripture (Greek: graphē) occupies a foundational role in both Jewish religious tradition and early Christian theology. By the time of Jesus and the apostles, the term referred to a defined and revered body of writings recognised as divinely inspired. This article examines the meaning of…

  • The Use of the Term “Scripture” in the New Testament: Scope and Development

    1. Introduction The Greek term graphē (“Scripture”) occurs 51 times in the New Testament, always referencing sacred, authoritative writings. This article surveys its usage across the New Testament corpus, demonstrating its evolving application—from the Old Testament to emerging Christian writings—and its theological weight in apostolic thought. 2. Jesus and the…

  • Apostolic Recognition of New Testament Writings as Scripture

    1. Introduction While the New Testament canon as we know it was not finalised until the 4th century AD, there is strong evidence that early Christians, including apostles, began to recognise certain texts as Scripture during the first century. This article focuses on two core developments: whether Paul quoted the…

  • The Septuagint and the Scriptures of the Early Church

    1. Introduction The Septuagint, the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, held a central place in the lives of Jews in the Hellenistic world and became the primary version of the Old Testament for the early Church. This article explores the origins, structure, theological use, and enduring impact of…

  • “It Is Written”: How the New Testament Interprets the Old Testament

    1. Introduction The phrase “It is written” (gegraptai) appears repeatedly in the New Testament, signalling an appeal to the authority and permanence of the Old Testament Scriptures. Early Christians, particularly the Gospel writers and apostles, did not merely cite Scripture—they interpreted it theologically, often Christologically, and sometimes typologically or allegorically.…

  • The Formation of the New Testament Canon: Apostolic Writings and Early Church Reception

    1. Introduction The New Testament canon, as recognised by the Church today, did not emerge instantaneously. Rather, it developed gradually through theological necessity, apostolic authority, ecclesial usage, and historical discernment. This article traces the process by which early Christian writings—initially circulated as letters and memoirs—came to be regarded as Scripture,…

  • Scripture and Inspiration – Theological Foundations in 2 Timothy 3:16

    1. Introduction Among the most significant declarations regarding the nature of Scripture in the New Testament is found in 2 Timothy 3:16: “All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness.”This verse has become foundational in Christian doctrines of biblical inspiration, authority, and theological…

  • Scripture in Early Christian Worship and Liturgy

    1. Introduction From the earliest days of the Church, the reading and exposition of Scripture formed the backbone of Christian worship. Inheriting the synagogue tradition, early Christians developed a liturgical pattern in which Scripture was read publicly, preached upon, and applied to the life of the community. This article explores…

  • The Relationship Between the Old Testament and New Testament (Version 1)

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    1. Introduction The Christian Bible, comprising the Old and New Testaments, presents a theological continuity that spans diverse historical contexts, languages, and covenants. While each Testament has distinct origins and emphases, together they form a unified narrative of divine revelation, covenantal development, and redemptive history. This article examines the structural,…

  • The Relationship Between the Old Testament and New Testament (Version 2)

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    1. Introduction The Bible, a canonical collection of sacred texts within the Christian tradition, is divided into two major divisions: the Old Testament (OT) and the New Testament (NT). These two Testaments are not merely sequential anthologies but theologically interconnected documents that together form a unified narrative of divine revelation.…

  • The Grand Biblical Timeline: From Lucifer’s Fall to the New Creation

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    PRE-TEMPORAL (Before Genesis 1:1) CREATION AND EARLY HISTORY (Genesis 1–11) PATRIARCHAL ERA (Genesis 12–50) EXODUS AND LAW (Exodus–Deuteronomy) CONQUEST, JUDGES, AND KINGS DIVIDED KINGDOM AND PROPHETS POST-EXILIC RESTORATION INTERTESTAMENTAL PERIOD (not in Bible, but historically vital) LIFE AND MINISTRY OF JESUS CHURCH AGE AND APOSTOLIC ERA END TIMES AND ETERNAL…

  • Bible Summary – by Books (Contents)

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    1. Genesis (Bible Summary) 2. Exodus (Bible Summary) 3. Leviticus (Bible Summary) 4. Numbers (Bible Summary) 5. Deuteronomy (Bible Summary) 6. Joshua (Bible Summary) 7. Judges (Bible Summary) 8. Ruth (Bible Summary) 9. 1 Samuel (Bible Summary) 10. 2 Samuel (Bible Summary) 11. 1 Kings (Bible Summary) 12. 2 Kings…

  • 40. Matthew (Bible Summary)

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    The Birth and Early Years of Jesus (chs. 1–2) His Genealogy (1:1–17) His Birth (1:18—2:12) His Sojourn in Egypt (2:13–23) The Beginnings of Jesus’ Ministry (3:1—4:11) Jesus’ Forerunner – John the Baptist (3:1–12) The Baptism of Jesus (3:13–17) His Temptation (4:1–11) Jesus’ Ministry in Galilee (4:12—14:12) The Beginning of the…

  • 41. Mark (Bible Summary)

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    The Beginnings of Jesus’ Ministry (1:1–13) His Forerunner (1:1–8) His Baptism (1:9–11) His Temptation (1:12–13) Jesus’ Ministry in Galilee (1:14—6:29) Early Galilean Ministry (1:14—3:12) Ministry in Capernaum (2:1–22) Sabbath Controversy (2:23—3:12) Later Galilean Ministry (3:13—6:29) Strategic Withdrawals from Galilee (6:30—9:29) To the Eastern Shore of the Sea of Galilee (6:30–52)…

  • 42. Luke (Bible Summary)

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    The Preface (1:1–4) The Births of John the Baptist and Jesus (1:5—2:52) The Annunciations (1:5–56) The Birth of John the Baptist (1:57–80) The Birth and Childhood of Jesus (ch. 2) The Preparation of Jesus for His Public Ministry (3:1—4:13) His Forerunner (3:1–20) His Baptism (3:21–22) His Genealogy (3:23–38) His Temptation…

  • 43. John (Bible Summary)

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    Prologue: The Word Became Flesh (1:1–18) The Beginning of Jesus’ Ministry (1:19–51) John the Baptist’s Testimony about Jesus (1:19–34) John’s Disciples Follow Jesus (1:35–42) Jesus Calls Philip and Nathanael (1:43–51) Jesus’ Public Ministry: Signs and Discourses (chs. 2–11) Changing Water into Wine (2:1–11) Cleansing the Temple (2:12–25) Jesus Teaches Nicodemus…

  • 44. Acts (Bible Summary)

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    Peter and the Beginnings of the Church in the Holy Land (chs. 1–12) “Throughout Judea, Galilee, and Samaria” (1:1—9:31; see 9:31 and note) Introduction (1:1–2) Christ’s Resurrection Ministry (1:3–11) The Period of Waiting for the Holy Spirit (1:12–26) The Filling with the Spirit (ch. 2) The Healing of the Lame…

  • 45. Romans (Bible Summary)

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    Introduction (1:1–15) Theme: Righteousness from God (1:16–17) The Unrighteousness of All People (1:18—3:20) Gentiles (1:18–32) Jews (2:1—3:8) Summary: All People (3:9–20) Righteousness Imputed: Justification (3:21—5:21) Through Christ (3:21–26) Received by Faith (3:27—4:25) The Fruits of Righteousness (5:1–11) Summary: Humanity’s Unrighteousness Contrasted with God’s Gift of Righteousness (5:12–21) Righteousness Imparted: Sanctification…

  • 46. 1 Corinthians (Bible Summary)

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    Introduction (1:1–9) Divisions in the Church (1:10—4:21) The Fact of the Divisions (1:10–17) The Causes of the Divisions (1:18—4:13) The Exhortation to End the Divisions (4:14–21) Moral and Ethical Disorders in the Life of the Church (chs. 5–6) Laxity in Church Discipline (ch. 5) Lawsuits before Non-Christian Judges (6:1–11) Sexual…

  • 47. 2 Corinthians (Bible Summary)

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    Apologetic: Paul’s Explanation of His Conduct and Apostolic Ministry (chs. 1–7) Greetings (1:1–2) Thanksgiving for Divine Comfort in Affliction (1:3–11) The Integrity of Paul’s Motives and Conduct (1:12—2:4) Forgiving the Offending Party at Corinth (2:5–11) God’s Direction in Ministry (2:12–17) The Corinthian Believers—a Letter from Christ (3:1–11) Seeing the Glory…

  • 48. Galatians (Bible Summary)

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    Introduction (1:1–10) Greetings (1:1–5) Denunciation (1:6–10) Personal: Authentication of the Apostle of Liberty and Faith (1:11—2:21) Paul’s Gospel Was Received by Special Revelation (1:11–12) Paul’s Gospel Was Independent of the Jerusalem Apostles and the Judean Churches (1:13—2:21) Doctrinal: Justification of the Doctrine of Liberty and Faith (chs. 3–4) The Galatians’…

  • 49. Ephesians (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1:1–2) The Divine Purpose: The Glory and Headship of Christ (1:3–14) Prayer That Christians May Realize God’s Purpose and Power (1:15–23) Steps Toward the Fulfillment of God’s Purpose (chs. 2–3) Salvation of Individuals by Grace (2:1–10) Reconciliation of Jew and Gentile through the Cross (2:11–18) Uniting of Jew and…

  • 50. Philippians (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1:1–2) Thanksgiving and Prayer for the Philippians (1:3–11) Paul’s Personal Circumstances (1:12–26) Exhortations (1:27—2:18) Living a Life Worthy of the Gospel (1:27–30) Following the Servant Attitude of Christ (2:1–18) Paul’s Associates in the Gospel (2:19–30) Timothy (2:19–24) Epaphroditus (2:25–30) Warnings against Judaizers and Antinomians (3:1—4:1) Against Judaizers or Legalists…

  • 51. Colossians (Bible Summary)

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    Introduction (1:1–14) Greetings (1:1–2) Thanksgiving (1:3–8) Prayer (1:9–14) The Supremacy of Christ (1:15–23) Paul’s Labor for the Church (1:24—2:7) His Ministry for the Sake of the Church (1:24–29) His Concern for the Spiritual Welfare of His Readers (2:1–7) Freedom from Human Regulations through Life with Christ (2:8–23) Warning to Guard…

  • 52. 1 Thessalonians (Bible Summary)

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    The Thanksgiving for the Thessalonians (ch. 1) The Grounds for the Thanksgiving (1:1–4) The Genuineness of the Grounds (1:5–10) The Defense of the Apostolic Actions and Absence (chs. 2–3) The Defense of the Apostolic Actions (2:1–16) The Defense of the Apostolic Absence (2:17—3:10) The Exhortations to the Thessalonians (4:1—5:22) Primarily…

  • 53. 2 Thessalonians (Bible Summary)

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    Introduction (ch. 1) Greetings (1:1–2) Thanksgiving for Their Faith, Love, and Perseverance (1:3–10) Intercession for Their Spiritual Progress (1:11–12) Instruction (ch. 2) Prophecy Regarding the Day of the Lord (2:1–12) Thanksgiving for Their Election and Calling (2:13–15) Prayer for Their Service and Testimony (2:16–17) Injunctions (ch. 3) Call to Prayer…

  • 54. 1 Timothy (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1:1–2) Warning against False Teachers (1:3–11) The Nature of the Heresy (1:3–7) The Purpose of the Law (1:8–11) The Lord’s Grace to Paul (1:12–17) The Purpose of Paul’s Instructions to Timothy (1:18–20) Instructions concerning Church Administration (chs. 2–3) Public Worship (ch. 2) Prayer in Public Worship (2:1–8) Women in…

  • 55. 2 Timothy (Bible Summary)

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    Introduction (1:1–4) Paul’s Concern for Timothy (1:5–14) Paul’s Situation (1:15–18) Special Instructions to Timothy (ch. 2) Call for Endurance (2:1–13) Warning about Foolish Controversies (2:14–26) Warning about the Last Days (ch. 3) Terrible Times (3:1–9) Means of Combating Them (3:10–17) Paul’s Departing Remarks (4:1–8) Charge to Preach the Word (4:1–5)…

  • 56. Titus (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1:1–4) Concerning Elders (1:5–9) Reasons for Leaving Titus in Crete (1:5) Qualifications of Elders (1:6–9) Concerning False Teachers (1:10–16) Concerning Various Groups in the Congregations (ch. 2) The Instructions to Different Groups (2:1–10) The Foundation for Christian Living (2:11–14) The Duty of Titus (2:15) Concerning Believers in General (3:1–8)…

  • 57. Philemon (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1–3) Thanksgiving and Prayer (4–7) Paul’s Plea for Onesimus (8–21) Final Request, Greetings and Benediction (22–25)

  • 58. Hebrews (Bible Summary)

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    Prologue: The Superiority of God’s New Revelation (1:1–4) The Superiority of Christ to Leading Figures under the Old Covenant (1:5—7:28) Christ Is Superior to the Angels (1:5—2:18) Christ Is Superior to Moses (3:1—4:13) Christ Is Superior to the Aaronic Priests (4:14—7:28) The Superior Sacrificial Work of Our High Priest (8:1—10:18)…

  • 59. James (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1:1) Trials and Temptations (1:2–18) The Testing of Faith (1:2–12) The Source of Temptation (1:13–18) Listening and Doing (1:19–27) Favoritism Forbidden (2:1–13) Faith and Deeds (2:14–26) Taming the Tongue (3:1–12) Two Kinds of Wisdom (3:13–18) Warning Against Worldliness (ch. 4) Quarrelsomeness (4:1–3) Spiritual Unfaithfulness (4:4) Pride (4:5–10) Slander (4:11–12)…

  • 60. 1 Peter (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1:1–2) Praise to God for His Grace and Salvation (1:3–12) Exhortations to Holiness of Life (1:13—5:11) The Requirement of Holiness (1:13—2:3) The Position of Believers (2:4–12) Submission to Authority (2:13—3:7) Duties of All (3:8–17) Christ’s Example (3:18—4:6) Conduct of Those Who Suffer for Christ (4:12–19) Conduct of Elders (5:1–4)…

  • 61. 2 Peter (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1:1–2) Exhortation to Growth in Christian Virtues (1:3–11) The Divine Enablement (1:3–4) The Call for Growth (1:5–7) The Value of Such Growth (1:8–11) The Purpose and Authentication of Peter’s Message (1:12–21) His Aim in Writing (1:12–15) The Basis of His Authority (1:16–21) Warning Against False Teachers (ch. 2) Their…

  • 62. 1 John (Bible Summary)

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    Introduction: The Reality of the Incarnation (1:1–4) The Christian Life as Fellowship with the Father and the Son (1:5—2:28) Ethical Tests of Fellowship (1:5—2:11) Two Digressions (2:12–17) Christological Test of Fellowship (2:18–28) The Christian Life as Divine Sonship (2:29—4:6) Ethical Tests of Sonship (2:29—3:24) Christological Tests of Sonship (4:1–6) The…

  • 63. 2 John (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1–3) Commendation (4) Exhortation and Warning (5–11) Conclusion and Final Greetings (12–13)

  • 64. 3 John (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1–2) Commendation of Gaius (3–8) Condemnation of Diotrephes (9–10) Exhortation to Gaius (11) Example of Demetrius (12) Conclusion, Benediction, and Final Greetings (13–14)

  • 65. Jude (Bible Summary)

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    Greetings (1–2) Occasion for the Letter (3–4) Warning Against the False Teachers (5–16) Exhortation to Believers (17–23) Concluding Doxology (24–25)

  • 66. Revelation (Bible Summary)

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    1. A General Overview of the Conflict (1:9-11:19) Prologue, Greetings, and Purpose (1:1-8) Vision of Christ Among the Lampstands (1:9-20) Letters to the Seven Churches (2:1-3:22) The Throne Scene (4:1-5:11) The Opening of the Seven Seals (6:1-8:1)

  • Bible Summary – by Thematics (Contents)

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    1. God’s Nature and Ways 1.1 God’s Plan Was Different but Greater 1.2 Unexpected but Better 1.3 From Evil to Good 1.4 God’s Promises Took Time but Were Fulfilled 1.5 Late but Better 1.6 God Provides in Unexpected Ways 1.7 God’s Power Over Nature 1.8 Stories of God’s Presence 1.9…

  • The 66 Books of the Bible in Chronological Order of Events

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    1. The Creation and Early Human History 2. The Patriarchal Period (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph) 3. The Exodus (Israel’s Escape from Egypt) 4. The Conquest of Canaan 5. The Time of the Judges 6. The United Kingdom of Israel (Saul, David, Solomon) 7. The Divided Kingdom (Israel and Judah) 8.…

  • The Bible in Chronological Writing Order

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    Old Testament – Chronological Writing Order No. Book Date (Approx.) Author(s) Location Written 1 Job c. 2000–1800 BC Unknown (possibly Job or Moses) Uz or unknown 2 Genesis c. 1450–1400 BC Moses Wilderness (Sinai) 3 Exodus c. 1450–1400 BC Moses Wilderness (Sinai) 4 Leviticus c. 1445–1400 BC Moses Wilderness (Sinai)…

  • Bible Overview – by Books (Contents)

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    Old Testament  Torah/Pentateuch  Histories Wisdom Books  Prophets  New Testament  Gospels & Acts  Letters & Revelation 

  • 40. Matthew (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Matthew – named after the traditional author, the apostle Matthew (also called Levi), a former tax collector turned disciple of Jesus• Definition: The first Gospel in the New Testament, presenting Jesus as the promised Messiah, the fulfilment of Old Testament prophecy, and…

  • 41. Mark (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Mark – named after John Mark, traditionally considered the author and companion of the apostle Peter• Definition: The second Gospel in the New Testament, presenting a fast-paced and action-oriented account of Jesus’ life, focusing on His authority, suffering, and the nature of…

  • 42. Luke (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Luke – named after its traditional author, Luke the physician and companion of the apostle Paul• Definition: A detailed and orderly account of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, highlighting His compassion, universal mission, and role as Saviour for…

  • 43. John (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: John – named after its traditional author, John the apostle, also referred to as the beloved disciple• Definition: A theological Gospel that presents Jesus as the eternal Word of God made flesh, emphasising His divine identity, the necessity of belief, and the…

  • 44. Acts (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Acts – short for “The Acts of the Apostles,” though it primarily follows the ministries of Peter and Paul• Definition: A historical-theological narrative that traces the birth, expansion, and empowerment of the early Church through the work of the Holy Spirit, beginning…

  • 45. Romans (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Romans – named after the recipients, the Christian believers in Rome• Definition: A doctrinal epistle that offers the most systematic presentation of the Gospel in the New Testament, addressing themes of sin, justification, grace, faith, righteousness, and the sovereign plan of God…

  • 46. 1 Corinthians (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Corinthians – the first of two extant letters written by the apostle Paul to the church in Corinth• Definition: A pastoral epistle addressing doctrinal confusion and moral disorder in the Corinthian church, offering theological correction, ethical instruction, and spiritual exhortation 1.2…

  • 47. 2 Corinthians (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Corinthians – the second extant letter from the apostle Paul to the church in Corinth• Definition: A deeply personal and pastoral epistle in which Paul defends his apostleship, expresses his suffering and hope, and urges reconciliation, generosity, and steadfast faith amid…

  • 48. Galatians (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Galatians – addressed to the churches in the Roman province of Galatia• Definition: A polemical and theological epistle in which Paul defends the Gospel of justification by faith against legalistic distortions and reaffirms Christian freedom through the Spirit 1.2 Authorship and Context•…

  • 49. Ephesians (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Ephesians – addressed to the saints in Ephesus, though some early manuscripts omit the location, suggesting it may have been a circular letter• Definition: A theological epistle that explores the cosmic scope of God’s plan of salvation, the nature of the Church…

  • 50. Philippians (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Philippians – addressed to the Christian community in the Roman colony of Philippi• Definition: A personal and joyful epistle written by Paul to encourage unity, humility, perseverance in suffering, and continued partnership in the Gospel 1.2 Authorship and Context• Author: Paul the…

  • 51. Colossians (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Colossians – addressed to the saints in Colossae, a city in the Lycus Valley of Asia Minor• Definition: A Christocentric epistle written to affirm the supremacy and sufficiency of Christ in response to syncretistic teachings threatening the Church’s theological foundation 1.2 Authorship…

  • 52. 1 Thessalonians (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Thessalonians – the first of two letters addressed to the church in Thessalonica, a major city in Macedonia• Definition: A pastoral epistle providing encouragement, eschatological teaching, and moral exhortation to a young church facing persecution 1.2 Authorship and Context• Author: Paul…

  • 53. 2 Thessalonians (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Thessalonians – the second canonical letter addressed to the Christian community in Thessalonica• Definition: A pastoral and eschatological epistle written to correct misunderstandings about the return of Christ, encourage steadfastness amid persecution, and exhort to responsible conduct within the church 1.2…

  • 54. 1 Timothy (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Timothy – the first of two pastoral epistles addressed to Timothy, Paul’s trusted companion and delegate• Definition: A pastoral letter offering instructions on church governance, sound doctrine, moral behaviour, and leadership qualifications within the context of growing Christian communities 1.2 Authorship…

  • 55. 2 Timothy (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Timothy – the second and final pastoral epistle addressed to Timothy• Definition: A deeply personal and theological letter in which Paul, facing imminent death, urges Timothy to remain faithful in ministry, uphold sound doctrine, and endure suffering for the Gospel 1.2…

  • 56. Titus (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Titus – a pastoral epistle addressed to Titus, a trusted co-worker of Paul, overseeing the churches in Crete• Definition: A brief but rich letter containing apostolic instructions on church leadership, sound doctrine, and moral conduct in a culturally challenging context 1.2 Authorship…

  • 57. Philemon (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Philemon – a personal letter from Paul to Philemon, a Christian in Colossae• Definition: A brief and persuasive epistle centred on Christian reconciliation, intercession, and the transformation of social relationships through the Gospel 1.2 Authorship and Context• Author: Paul the apostle, writing…

  • 58. Hebrews (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Hebrews – so named due to its extensive engagement with Jewish Scriptures, themes, and audience• Definition: A theological treatise and exhortational letter demonstrating the superiority of Christ over all previous revelation, especially the Mosaic covenant, and encouraging believers to remain faithful 1.2…

  • 59. James (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: James – named after its author, traditionally identified as James the Just, a key leader in the early Jerusalem Church• Definition: A practical and ethical letter that emphasises the necessity of living faith expressed through righteous deeds, moral consistency, and community integrity…

  • 60. 1 Peter (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Peter – attributed to the apostle Peter, addressed to scattered Christian communities across Asia Minor• Definition: A circular letter written to encourage believers undergoing suffering, calling them to holy living, firm faith, and hope grounded in Christ’s resurrection and future glory…

  • 61. 2 Peter (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Peter – the second epistle attributed to the apostle Peter, addressed to believers to confirm their faith and warn against false teachers• Definition: A farewell letter that combines exhortation and polemic, encouraging spiritual growth and doctrinal vigilance in anticipation of Christ’s…

  • 62. 1 John (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 John – the first of three epistles attributed to John the Apostle• Definition: A general epistle addressing foundational issues of Christian identity, assurance of salvation, the nature of God, and the necessity of love, written to affirm true faith and refute…

  • 63. 2 John (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 John – the second epistle attributed to the apostle John, also known as the Second Johannine Epistle• Definition: A brief pastoral letter warning against false teachers who deny the incarnation of Christ and urging the community to continue in love and…

  • 64. 3 John (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 3 John – the third epistle attributed to the apostle John, the shortest book in the New Testament by word count• Definition: A personal letter encouraging faithful hospitality towards true Christian missionaries and addressing issues of leadership, authority, and integrity within the…

  • 65. Jude (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Jude – named after its author, Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James• Definition: A brief yet urgent epistle warning against false teachers and calling believers to contend for the faith once delivered to the saints 1.2 Authorship and…

  • 66. Revelation (Bible Overview)

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    (1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Revelation – also known as the Apocalypse of John; derived from the Greek word apokalypsis, meaning “unveiling” or “disclosure”• Definition: A prophetic and apocalyptic book revealing the ultimate triumph of God through Christ, written to encourage persecuted believers with the hope of…

  • Prefiguring Jesus – by Books (Contents)

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    Old Testament  Torah/Pentateuch  Histories Wisdom Books  Prophets  New Testament  Gospels & Acts  Letters & Revelation