Romans
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The Roman Centurion at the Cross
1. Name / Role The Roman Centurion at the Cross 2. Category God-Fearing Outsiders or Messianic Witnesses 3. Time Period / Biblical Context This figure appears during the crucifixion of Jesus, specifically in Matthew 27:54, Mark 15:39, and Luke 23:47. He is the Roman officer overseeing the execution, positioned at…
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4. Ethics as Participation in Christ’s New Life: The Teaching of Romans
Introduction Paul’s letter to the Romans not only presents Jesus as the Messiah but also calls believers to live ethically as participants in Christ’s death and resurrection. This article explores how union with the risen Messiah shapes Christian ethics, emphasizing newness of life, love, and community. 1. Union with Christ:…
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7. The Church as the Body of Christ: Identity and Unity in Romans and 1 Corinthians
Introduction Paul’s ecclesiology is deeply rooted in his Christology. In Romans and 1 Corinthians, he describes the church as the body of Christ, a spiritual organism unified by the Spirit and called to live in ethical harmony. This article explores how Paul’s understanding of Jesus as the Messiah shapes the…
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Romans (Bible Translation History)
1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…
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45. Romans (Bible Summary)
Introduction (1:1–15) Theme: Righteousness from God (1:16–17) The Unrighteousness of All People (1:18—3:20) Gentiles (1:18–32) Jews (2:1—3:8) Summary: All People (3:9–20) Righteousness Imputed: Justification (3:21—5:21) Through Christ (3:21–26) Received by Faith (3:27—4:25) The Fruits of Righteousness (5:1–11) Summary: Humanity’s Unrighteousness Contrasted with God’s Gift of Righteousness (5:12–21) Righteousness Imparted: Sanctification…
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Jewish-Roman Wars and Diaspora
Introduction: From Resistance to DispersionThe first and second centuries CE witnessed two catastrophic Jewish uprisings against Roman rule, each resulting in devastating consequences for Judea and profoundly reshaping Jewish identity, theology, and geographic distribution. These Jewish-Roman wars—fuelled by a complex interplay of religious fervour, socio-economic pressures, and nationalist aspirations—ultimately led…
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45. Romans (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Romans – named after the recipients, the Christian believers in Rome• Definition: A doctrinal epistle that offers the most systematic presentation of the Gospel in the New Testament, addressing themes of sin, justification, grace, faith, righteousness, and the sovereign plan of God…
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45. Romans (Prefiguring Jesus)
Foreshadowing Jesus in the Book of Romans 1. Introduction: Overview of the Book and Its Foreshadowing Themes 2. Historical and Theological Context 3. Narrative Structure and Christ-Centred Motifs 4. Typology and Symbols of Christ 5. Messianic Prophecies and Previews 6. Theological and Christological Significance 7. Redemptive Legacy and Christian Application…