1. Introduction
In the world of higher education, terminology can often be a barrier to understanding how academic systems function. Prospective students, especially international applicants, frequently encounter confusion over terms such as subject, course, module, major, and minor. While they are sometimes used interchangeably in casual speech, each term has a distinct meaning. This article breaks down each concept and explains how they fit into the structure of university education.
2. What Is a Subject?
A subject is the broad academic discipline or field of study. It defines the general area of knowledge in which students may take courses. Subjects are the foundation of academic learning, forming the intellectual backdrop for more specialised study.
Example: Mathematics, Theology, Computer Science, History
3. What Is a Course?
A course is the formal, structured academic programme offered by an institution that leads to a qualification such as a diploma or degree. It is composed of multiple modules and may offer options for specialisation.
Example: BA in English Literature, MSc in Artificial Intelligence
4. What Is a Module?
A module is a specific unit or component within a course. It focuses on a clearly defined topic and usually involves a combination of lectures, reading, coursework, and exams. Students complete multiple modules as part of their degree.
Example: ‘Natural Language Processing’ in an AI course, or ‘New Testament Studies’ in a Theology course
5. What Is a Major?
A major is the principal area of academic focus within a degree. It involves completing the largest number of modules or credits in a specific subject area. The major typically determines the degree classification.
Example: Major in Economics within a BA course
6. What Is a Minor?
A minor is a secondary subject of study that complements the major. It allows students to diversify their academic learning without taking as many modules as required for a major.
Example: Major in International Business with a Minor in French
7. Comparative Table: Key Differences
| Term | Definition | Scope | Role in Study | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | A broad academic discipline or field | Very broad | Foundation knowledge area | Computer Science, Theology |
| Course | A structured academic programme that leads to a qualification | Broad | The degree or qualification pathway | MSc in Data Science |
| Module | A specific unit/topic taught within a course | Narrow | Learning blocks within a course | Machine Learning, Church History |
| Major | The main area of study chosen for specialisation | Medium | Determines primary focus of degree | Major in Psychology |
| Minor | A secondary area of study alongside the major | Narrow-medium | Adds depth or breadth to the major | Minor in Environmental Law |
8. How They Work Together
These five terms represent different layers of the university experience:
- You study a subject by enrolling in a course.
- That course contains various modules on specific topics.
- If the course allows flexibility, you may choose a major as your primary area of focus.
- You may also select a minor to complement your major with a different subject.
9. Conclusion
Understanding these core academic terms is essential for planning your university journey. Whether choosing a degree programme, building a timetable, or exploring interdisciplinary options, the distinctions between subject, course, module, major, and minor help clarify the academic structure.
In short:
🎓 Subjects define the field.
📚 Courses deliver the qualification.
🧩 Modules build the knowledge.
🏛 Majors shape the specialisation.
🌍 Minors extend the academic breadth.