Part I – The Divine Name in Hebrew Revelation
Abstract This study examines the origin, meaning, and theological significance of the Divine Name in Hebrew Scripture. From the earliest…
Category: Modules
Part II – The Name through Translation and Pentecost
Abstract This paper traces how the Divine Name, first revealed in Hebrew as YHWH, entered the multilingual world of the…
Appendix Table: The Divine Names and Titles Across Languages
Name / Title Language of Origin Translational Equivalents Key Biblical References Meaning / Theological Emphasis YHWH (יהוה) Hebrew Kyrios (Greek),…
Part 1 – The Language of Sorrow in Scripture
1. Introduction Throughout the Bible, words translated as repent, regret, and grieve describe both divine and human responses to sin,…
The Importance of Hebrew Language Words in the Bible
Hebrew is the original language of most of the Old Testament and a foundational language for biblical studies. Understanding Hebrew…
1: Hebrew Term: Shem — שֵׁם
Pronunciation: shemMeaning: Name; not merely a label, but an expression of identity, character, authority, and reputation — especially when referring…
2: Covenant — Berith (OT), Diathēkē (NT), and ITL Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Berith — בְּרִית Pronunciation: beh-REETHMeaning: Covenant; formal agreement between God and His people with promises and obligations.…
3: Spirit — Ruach (OT), Pneuma (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Ruach — רוּחַ Pronunciation: roo-AKH (ch as in Bach)Meaning: Spirit, breath, wind; the invisible life force and…
4: Salvation — Yeshuah (OT), Soteria (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Yeshuah — יְשׁוּעָה Pronunciation: yeh-shoo-AHMeaning: Salvation, deliverance; God’s saving acts on behalf of His people. Old Testament…
5: Wisdom — Chokmah (OT), Sophia (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Chokmah — חָכְמָה Pronunciation: khohk-MAHMeaning: Wisdom; practical skill, insight, and understanding rooted in the fear of the…
6: Faith — Emunah (OT), Pistis (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Emunah — אֱמוּנָה Pronunciation: eh-moo-NAHMeaning: Faithfulness, trust, steadfastness; firm belief and loyalty toward God. Old Testament Usage:…
7: Love — Chesed (OT), Agape (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Chesed — חֶסֶד Pronunciation: kheh-SEHDMeaning: Loving-kindness, mercy, steadfast love; God’s faithful, covenantal love and mercy. Old Testament…
8: Righteousness — Tzedakah (OT), Dikaiosyne (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Tzedakah — צְדָקָה Pronunciation: tzeh-dah-KAHMeaning: Righteousness, justice, charity; right conduct and acts of kindness toward others. Old…
9: Prayer — Tefillah (OT), Proseuchē (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Tefillah — תְּפִלָּה Pronunciation: tef-ih-LAHMeaning: Prayer; an act of communication with God, including praise, petition, and confession.…
10: Holy Spirit — Ruach HaKodesh (OT), Pneuma Hagion (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Ruach HaKodesh — רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Pronunciation: roo-AKH hah-koh-DESHMeaning: Holy Spirit; the sacred Spirit of God, active in…
11: Kingdom — Malkuth (OT), Basileia (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Malkuth (Malchut) — מַלְכוּת Pronunciation: mal-KOOTMeaning: Kingdom, reign, sovereignty; refers to God’s rule and the dominion of…
12: Law — Torah (OT), Nomos (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Torah — תּוֹרָה Pronunciation: toh-RAHMeaning: Law, instruction, teaching; refers primarily to the Pentateuch and God’s revealed will…
13: Messiah — Mashiach (OT), Christos (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Mashiach — מָשִׁיחַ Pronunciation: mah-SHEE-akhMeaning: Anointed One; the promised deliverer and king in Israel. Old Testament Usage:…
14: Kingdom — Malkuth (OT), Basileia (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Malkuth (Malchut) — מַלְכוּת Pronunciation: mal-KOOTMeaning: Kingdom, reign, sovereignty; refers to God’s rule and the dominion of…
15: Law — Torah (OT), Nomos (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Torah — תּוֹרָה Pronunciation: toh-RAHMeaning: Law, instruction, teaching; refers primarily to the Pentateuch and God’s revealed will…
1: Covenant (Berith) in Ancient Near Eastern Context
1. Term: Berith — בְּרִית (Covenant) Meaning: Formal agreement or treaty between parties, especially between God and Israel. 2. Historical-Cultural…
2: Kingship (Melek) and Monarchy in Ancient Israel
1. Term: Melek — מֶלֶךְ (King) Meaning: King, ruler, sovereign; a political and often religious leader. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3.…
3: The Holy Spirit (Ruach) in Ancient Jewish Thought
1. Term: Ruach — רוּחַ (Spirit, Breath, Wind) Meaning: Spirit; God’s dynamic presence, life-giving breath, or wind. 2. Historical-Cultural Context:…
4: Covenant (Berith) Rituals and Symbolism
1. Term: Berith — בְּרִית (Covenant) Meaning: Formal agreement or treaty, especially between God and His people. 2. Historical-Cultural Context:…
5: Kingship and Anointing (Melek and Mashiach)
1. Terms: 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Biblical Examples and Notes: 4. Cultural Significance:
6: The Holy Spirit in Early Judaism and Christianity
1. Term: Holy Spirit Meaning: God’s empowering presence and active force in the world and in believers. 2. Historical-Cultural Context:…
7: Messiah Expectations in Second Temple Judaism
1. Term: Messiah — מָשִׁיחַ (Mashiach) Meaning: Anointed one; expected deliverer and king. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Literary Examples: 4.…
8: The Kingdom of God in Jewish Thought
1. Term: Kingdom of God — מַלְכוּת הָאֱלֹהִים (Malkuth HaElohim) Meaning: God’s reign, sovereignty, and rule. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3.…
9: Law (Torah) and Its Interpretation in Jewish Culture
1. Term: Torah — תּוֹרָה Meaning: Law, instruction, teaching; the divine guidance given to Israel. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Literary…
10: Prophecy and Its Role in Israelite Society
1. Term: Nabi — נָבִיא (Prophet) Meaning: One who is called to speak on behalf of God; a messenger. 2.…
11: Sacrificial System and Temple Worship
1. Term: Korban — קָרְבָּן (Sacrifice, Offering) Meaning: An offering presented to God, usually involving animals, grain, or incense. 2.…
12: Sabbath and Festivals in Ancient Israel
1. Term: Shabbat — שַׁבָּת (Sabbath) Meaning: The seventh day of rest; a sacred day set apart for rest and…
13: Wisdom Literature and Its Social Role
1. Term: Hokmah (Hebrew) — חָכְמָה (Wisdom) Meaning: Practical skill, insight, and understanding; living life in accordance with God’s will.…
14: Prophecy and Apocalyptic Literature
1. Term: Nabi (נָבִיא) — Prophet / Apocalypse (ἀποκάλυψις) — Revelation Meaning: 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Literary Examples: 4. Cultural…
15: Sacrificial System and Priesthood
1. Terms: 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Literary Examples: 4. Cultural Significance:
16: Festivals and Liturgical Calendar
1. Term: Moedim — מוֹעֲדִים (Festivals, Appointed Times) Meaning: Sacred times set by God for worship, remembrance, and communal identity.…
The Importance of Aramaic in Biblical Studies and Christian Tradition
Aramaic is a Semitic language closely related to Hebrew and was widely spoken throughout the Near East from the late…
1: Abba — אָבָּא
1. Aramaic Term: Abba — אָבָּא Pronunciation: AH-bahMeaning: Father; an intimate, personal term for father, expressing closeness and affection. 2.…
2: Raca — רֵיקָא
1. Aramaic Term: Raca — רֵיקָא Pronunciation: RAY-kahMeaning: Empty, worthless; a term of contempt or insult. 2. Biblical Usage: 3.…
3: Mammon — מַמּוֹנָא
1. Aramaic Term: Mammon — מַמּוֹנָא Pronunciation: mam-MOH-nahMeaning: Wealth, riches, or material possessions; often personified as a false master or…
4: Talitha koum — תַלִיתָא קוּמִי
1. Term: Talitha koum — תַלִיתָא קוּמִי Meaning: “Little girl, arise!” — A phrase spoken by Jesus to raise a…
5: Ephphatha — אֶפְתַּח
1. Term: Ephphatha — אֶפְתַּח Meaning: “Be opened!” — A command spoken by Jesus to heal a man who was…
6: Mammon — מַמּוֹנָא
1. Term: Mammon — מַמּוֹנָא Meaning: Wealth, riches, or material possessions; often personified as a false master or idol. 2.…
7: Maranatha — מָרָנָתָא
1. Term: Maranatha — מָרָנָתָא Meaning: “Our Lord, come!” — An expression of longing for the Lord’s return. 2. Historical-Cultural…
8: Eloi, Eloi, Lama Sabachthani? — אֱלָהִי אֱלָהִי לָמָה שְׁבַקְתַּנִי?
1. Term: Eloi, Eloi, Lama Sabachthani? Meaning: “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3.…
9: Rabbouni — רַבּוּנִי
1. Term: Rabbouni — רַבּוּנִי Meaning: “My teacher” or “My master”; a respectful form of address for a teacher or…
10: Maranatha — מָרָנָתָא (Review and Deeper Insight)
1. Term: Maranatha — מָרָנָתָא Meaning: “Our Lord, come!” — A liturgical invocation expressing longing for Christ’s return. 2. Historical-Cultural…
11: Eli, Eli, Lama Sabachthani — אֵלִי אֵלִי לָמָה שְׁבַקְתַּנִי
1. Term: Eli, Eli, Lama Sabachthani Meaning: “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” — Jesus’ cry from…
12: Eliyahu (Elijah) — אֵלִיָּהוּ
1. Term: Eliyahu — אֵלִיָּהוּ Meaning: “My God is Yahweh”; the name of the prophet Elijah. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3.…
13: Hosanna — הוֹשַׁעְנָא
1. Term: Hosanna — הוֹשַׁעְנָא Meaning: “Save, please!” or “Save now!” — A cry of praise and petition for salvation.…
14: Barabbas — בַּר אֲבָּא
1. Term: Barabbas — בַּר אֲבָּא Meaning: “Son of the father” — Name of the prisoner released instead of Jesus.…
15: Mammon — מַמּוֹנָא (Further Cultural Insights)
1. Term: Mammon — מַמּוֹנָא Meaning: Wealth, riches, or material possessions; often personified as a false master or idol. 2.…
16: Maranatha — מָרָנָתָא (Review and Deeper Insight)
1. Term: Maranatha — מָרָנָתָא Meaning: “Our Lord, come!” — A liturgical invocation expressing longing for Christ’s return. 2. Historical-Cultural…
The Importance of Latin in Biblical Studies and Christian Tradition
Latin holds a prominent place in the history of Christianity and the transmission of the Bible. While it is not…
1: Deus
1. Term: Deus Pronunciation: DAY-oosMeaning: God — the supreme divine being. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4. Theological Significance:
2: Spiritus
1. Term: Spiritus Pronunciation: SPEE-ree-toosMeaning: Spirit, breath; refers to the Holy Spirit or a spiritual being/presence. 2. Biblical Usage: 3.…
3: Fides
1. Term: Fides Pronunciation: FEE-daysMeaning: Faith, trust, belief; confidence in God and His promises. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse:…
4: Gratia
1. Term: Gratia Pronunciation: GRAH-tee-ahMeaning: Grace; unmerited favour or divine assistance given by God. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse:…
5: Verbum
1. Term: Verbum Pronunciation: WEHR-boomMeaning: Word; the spoken or written expression, often referring to God’s Word or the Logos. 2.…
6: Spiritus Sanctus
1. Term: Spiritus Sanctus Pronunciation: SPEE-ree-toos SANK-toosMeaning: Holy Spirit; the third Person of the Trinity, God’s sanctifying presence. 2. Biblical…
7: Salvator
1. Term: Salvator Pronunciation: sal-vah-TORMeaning: Savior; one who delivers or saves from danger, sin, or death. 2. Biblical Usage: 3.…
8: Pax
1. Term: Pax Pronunciation: pahksMeaning: Peace; a state of harmony, reconciliation, and well-being. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4.…
9: Ecclesia
1. Term: Ecclesia Pronunciation: eh-kleh-SEE-ahMeaning: Church; assembly or congregation of believers. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4. Theological Significance:
10: Gloria
1. Term: Gloria Pronunciation: GLOH-ree-ahMeaning: Glory; the manifestation of God’s presence, majesty, and honour. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse:…
11: Veritas
1. Term: Veritas Pronunciation: weh-REE-tahsMeaning: Truth; reality, faithfulness, and genuineness. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4. Theological Significance:
12: Caritas
1. Term: Caritas Pronunciation: kah-REE-tahsMeaning: Charity, love; selfless, sacrificial love for others. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4. Theological…
13: Pax
1. Term: Pax Pronunciation: pahksMeaning: Peace; harmony, reconciliation, and well-being. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4. Theological Significance:
14: Gratia
1. Term: Gratia Pronunciation: GRAH-tee-ahMeaning: Grace; unmerited favor, divine assistance given freely by God. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse:…
15: Lux
1. Term: Lux Pronunciation: looksMeaning: Light; both physical light and metaphorical illumination, truth, and divine revelation. 2. Biblical Usage: 3.…
16: Fides
1. Term: Fides Pronunciation: FEE-desMeaning: Faith, trust, belief; confidence in God and His promises. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse:…
The Importance of Syriac in Biblical Studies and Christian Tradition
Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, holds a unique and vital place in the study of the Bible and the history…
1: Alaha (ܐܠܗܐ)
1. Term: Alaha — ܐܠܗܐ Pronunciation: A-la-haMeaning: God — the supreme divine being in Syriac Christianity. 2. Biblical Usage: 3.…
2: Ruha — ܪܘܚܐ
1. Term: Ruha — ܪܘܚܐ Pronunciation: Roo-khaMeaning: Spirit, breath, wind; refers to the Holy Spirit or human spirit. 2. Biblical…
3: Mshiha — ܡܫܝܚܐ
1. Term: Mshiha — ܡܫܝܚܐ Pronunciation: msh-ee-khaMeaning: Messiah, Anointed One; the promised Savior and King. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example…
4: Qadisha — ܩܕܝܫܐ
1. Term: Qadisha — ܩܕܝܫܐ Pronunciation: qad-EE-shaMeaning: Holy, sacred; set apart for God. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4.…
5: Teshbuhta — ܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ
1. Term: Teshbuhta — ܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ Pronunciation: tesh-BOOKH-taMeaning: Praise, worship; expressions of adoration and reverence to God. 2. Biblical Usage: 3.…
6: Malko — ܡܠܟܐ
1. Term: Malko — ܡܠܟܐ Pronunciation: MAL-koMeaning: King; ruler, sovereign. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4. Theological Significance:
7: Qaddishtha — ܩܕܝܫܬܐ
1. Term: Qaddishtha — ܩܕܝܫܬܐ Pronunciation: qad-DEESH-thaMeaning: Holiness; the state or quality of being holy or sacred. 2. Biblical Usage:…
8: Suryoyo — ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
1. Term: Suryoyo — ܣܘܪܝܝܐ Pronunciation: soo-ree-YOMeaning: Syriac or Syrian; refers to the people, language, and cultural identity of Syriac…
9: Malka — ܡܠܟܐ
1. Term: Malka — ܡܠܟܐ Pronunciation: MAL-kahMeaning: King; sovereign ruler or monarch. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4. Theological…
10: Bar ‘Alaha — ܒܪ ܐܠܗܐ
1. Term: Bar ‘Alaha — ܒܪ ܐܠܗܐ Pronunciation: bar ah-LAH-haMeaning: Son of God 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4.…
11: Qadishat Ruhha — ܩܕܝܫܬ ܪܘܚܐ
1. Term: Qadishat Ruhha — ܩܕܝܫܬ ܪܘܚܐ Pronunciation: qad-EE-shet roo-KHAMeaning: Holy Spirit; the sanctifying Spirit of God. 2. Biblical Usage:…
12: Malkutha — ܡܠܟܘܬܐ
1. Term: Malkutha — ܡܠܟܘܬܐ Pronunciation: mal-KOO-thaMeaning: Kingdom; the reign or dominion of God. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse:…
13: Shemaya — ܫܡܝܐ
1. Term: Shemaya — ܫܡܝܐ Pronunciation: she-MAH-yaMeaning: Heaven; the sky or the dwelling place of God. 2. Biblical Usage: 3.…
14: Qudsha — ܩܘܕܫܐ
1. Term: Qudsha — ܩܘܕܫܐ Pronunciation: kud-SHAHMeaning: Holy; sacred, set apart for God. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4.…
15: Maranatha — ܡܪܢܐܬܐ
1. Term: Maranatha — ܡܪܢܐܬܐ Pronunciation: ma-ra-NA-thaMeaning: “Our Lord, come!” — A liturgical invocation expressing hope for the return of…
16: Shem — ܫܡ
1. Term: Shem — ܫܡ Pronunciation: shemMeaning: Name; representing identity, reputation, and authority. 2. Biblical Usage: 3. Example Verse: 4.…
Research Methods for PhD & MSc (Contents)
1. WHAT IS RESEARCH? 2. PARADIGMS AND PHILOSOPHIES OF RESEARCH 3. FRAMING RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4. LITERATURE REVIEW MASTERY 5. RESEARCH…
1. WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Theme: Understanding the Purpose, Types, and Structure of ResearchDuration: 1 week (self-paced study)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat: Fully…
2. PARADIGMS AND PHILOSOPHIES OF RESEARCH
Theme: Ontology, Epistemology, and Methodological WorldviewsDuration: 1 week (self-paced study)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat: Fully self-contained lesson 🔷…
3. FRAMING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Theme: From Problem Identification to Aim, Objectives, and HypothesesDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat: Fully self-contained…
4. LITERATURE REVIEW MASTERY
Theme: How to Search, Read, Synthesize, and Identify Gaps in Existing ResearchDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / PhD…
5. RESEARCH DESIGN
Theme: Planning a Coherent, Justifiable Structure for Your StudyDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat: Fully self-contained…
6. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
Theme: Designing, Collecting, Analysing, and Interpreting Numerical DataDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat: Fully self-contained lesson…
7. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
Theme: Exploring Human Meaning, Context, and Experience through Non-Numerical DataDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat: Fully…
8. MIXED METHODS RESEARCH
Theme: Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches for Comprehensive ResearchDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat: Fully self-contained…
9. ETHICS AND VALIDITY IN RESEARCH
Theme: Ensuring Trustworthy, Responsible, and Rigorous Research PracticesDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat: Fully self-contained lesson…
10. DATA COLLECTION PLANNING
Theme: Designing, Organising, and Executing Data Collection Aligned with MethodologyDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat: Fully…
11. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Theme: Making Sense of Quantitative and Qualitative Data through Systematic AnalysisDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / PhD PreparationFormat:…
12. ACADEMIC WRITING AND PRESENTATION
Theme: Communicating Research with Clarity, Coherence, and Academic IntegrityDuration: 1 week (self-paced)Level: MA / MSc / Early PhD PreparationFormat: Fully…