Business Model
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The Microsoft Ecosystem
The Microsoft Ecosystem: Productivity, Platform Power, and Enterprise Dominance 1. Introduction Microsoft Corporation, founded in 1975, remains one of the most influential and enduring players in the global technology landscape. While its early success was rooted in desktop operating systems and office software, Microsoft has evolved into a cloud-first, AI-driven,…
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Huawei’s Ecosystem and Strategic Autonomy
Huawei’s Ecosystem and Strategic Autonomy: Integration without the West 1. Introduction Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. is one of the most influential yet geopolitically contentious technology firms in the world. Headquartered in Shenzhen, China, Huawei has rapidly evolved from a telecommunications hardware provider into a global tech conglomerate with ambitions in…
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Amazon’s Ecosystem and Digital Monopoly
Amazon’s Ecosystem and Digital Monopoly: Architecture, Expansion, and Antitrust Implications 1. Introduction Amazon, founded in 1994 as an online bookstore, has evolved into one of the world’s most powerful and diversified technology platforms. Through a combination of logistics mastery, cloud computing dominance, and vertical ecosystem control, Amazon has become a…
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Google’s Ecosystem and Alphabet’s Platform Power
Google’s Ecosystem and Alphabet’s Platform Power: Integration, Dominance, and Monopoly Concerns 1. Introduction Google, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., has built one of the most expansive and deeply integrated ecosystems in the global digital economy. Originally a search engine, Google has evolved into a multi-platform conglomerate spanning search, mobile operating…
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Apple’s Ecosystem
Apple’s Ecosystem: Structure, Integration, and the Question of Monopoly 1. Introduction Apple Inc. has cultivated one of the most tightly controlled and profitable digital ecosystems in modern technology. Through a vertically integrated model that connects hardware, software, services, and distribution channels, Apple has engineered a user environment that is both…