Geopolitical Conflicts
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The Israel–Palestine Conflict
The Israel–Palestine Conflict: Historical Roots, Contemporary Challenges, and Prospects for Peace Introduction The Israel–Palestine conflict stands as one of the most enduring and emotionally charged disputes in modern history. It is a complex struggle defined by competing territorial claims, national identities, religious significance, and strategic interests. Despite numerous international interventions,…
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The Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh
The Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh: Historical Dispute, Regional Tensions, and Prospects for Peace Introduction The conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh is one of the most protracted and volatile disputes in the South Caucasus. Rooted in competing national claims, ethnic identity, and post-Soviet instability, the conflict has resulted in…
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The Russia–Ukraine Conflict
The Russia–Ukraine Conflict: Historical Legacy, Geopolitical Stakes, and Prospects for Resolution Introduction The Russia–Ukraine conflict, reignited by Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022, is the most significant military confrontation in Europe since the Second World War. It has reshaped regional security dynamics, redefined NATO’s role, and intensified global polarisation. Rooted…
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Historical Conflicts Comparable to the Russia–Ukraine War
Historical Conflicts Comparable to the Russia–Ukraine War: Strategic Lessons from Afghanistan, Kosovo, and Crimea Introduction The Russia–Ukraine war has reshaped 21st-century geopolitics, exposing fragile borders, contesting international norms, and sparking global debate over sovereignty, intervention, and military alliances. Yet, while its context is contemporary, the themes underpinning the conflict are…
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The Kosovo Conflict (1998–1999)
The Kosovo Conflict (1998–1999): Ethnic Tensions and International Military Intervention Introduction The Kosovo War of 1998–1999 was a violent culmination of ethnic, political, and territorial disputes in the Balkans following the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Centred on tensions between Kosovo’s majority Albanian population and Serbian authorities, the conflict drew international attention…
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Historical Parallels to the Russia–Ukraine War
Historical Parallels to the Russia–Ukraine War: Strategic Motives, Global Reactions, and Lessons from the Past AbstractThe Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 rekindled global anxieties about territorial aggression, power politics, and regional destabilisation in the 21st century. While unprecedented in scale in post–Cold War Europe, this conflict shares striking similarities…
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Taiwan’s Sovereignty Dispute
Taiwan’s Sovereignty Dispute: Historical Claims, Political Tensions, and Global Implications Introduction The sovereignty of Taiwan remains one of the most sensitive and enduring geopolitical issues in East Asia. Although Taiwan functions as a self-governing liberal democracy with its own political institutions, military, and economy, the People’s Republic of China (PRC)…
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Crimea’s Annexation by Russia
Crimea’s Annexation by Russia: Historical Claims, Political Crisis, and Global Ramifications Introduction The 2014 annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation stands as one of the most consequential geopolitical developments of the 21st century. Arising from the aftermath of Ukraine’s 2013–2014 political crisis, Russia seized control of Crimea, citing historical…
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Contested Sovereignty and Asymmetric Autonomy
Contested Sovereignty and Asymmetric Autonomy: A Comparative Study of Subnational Movements and State Responses Abstract This article explores the complex dynamics of contested sovereignty and subnational autonomy through a comparative analysis of seven cases: Québec (Canada), Catalonia (Spain), Kosovo (Serbia), Hong Kong (China), Greenland (Denmark), Taiwan (China), and Hong Kong…
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Strategic and Economic Implications of the China–Taiwan Conflict
Cross-Strait Tensions and Global Power Shifts: Strategic and Economic Implications of the China–Taiwan Conflict Introduction The China–Taiwan conflict represents one of the most volatile and strategically significant geopolitical flashpoints in the 21st century. With roots in civil war and ideological bifurcation, the enduring tensions between Beijing and Taipei influence international…
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The China–Hong Kong Conflict
The China–Hong Kong Conflict: Historical Roots, Causes, and Global Implications Introduction The evolving conflict between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) represents a significant case study in the intersection of post-colonial governance, civil liberties, and geopolitical power dynamics. Following its return to…
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The India–Pakistan Conflict
The India–Pakistan Conflict: Historical Roots, Geopolitical Dynamics, and Prospects for Resolution Introduction The India–Pakistan conflict stands as one of the most intractable and volatile geopolitical disputes in the post-colonial era. Rooted in the turbulent partition of British India in 1947, the conflict has evolved into a multifaceted struggle encompassing territorial…
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The Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Origins, Progression, and Global Consequences
Part 1: Historical Background and Origins of the War Imperial Legacies and Soviet Control The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has deep historical roots, influenced by centuries of overlapping sovereignties, imperial dominance, and shifting alliances. Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire from the late 18th century following the partitions…
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The Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Origins, Progression, and Global Consequences (Brief)
Abstract:This article provides a balanced and structured analysis of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, exploring its historical origins, military progression, international responses, and humanitarian consequences. It traces the deep-rooted tensions from the imperial and Soviet periods, examines the war’s evolution since 2022, and evaluates the conflict’s global economic, geopolitical, and human impacts.…