7.7 How to Know Research Methods

An Academic Guide to Understanding and Selecting Appropriate Methodologies

Introduction

A foundational component of doctoral research is the selection and application of suitable research methods. Understanding research methodologies enables candidates to design rigorous studies and generate valid, reliable findings. This article provides an overview of how to comprehend and choose research methods effectively.

Understanding Research Methodologies

Research methods are systematic procedures or techniques used to collect and analyse data (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). They are broadly categorised into:

  • Quantitative Methods: Focus on numerical data, statistical analysis, and hypothesis testing. Common techniques include surveys, experiments, and secondary data analysis.
  • Qualitative Methods: Emphasise understanding meaning, experiences, and context through interviews, focus groups, ethnography, and content analysis.
  • Mixed Methods: Combine quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide comprehensive insights.

Steps to Know and Select Appropriate Methods

Step 1: Clarify Research Questions

  • Method choice is contingent upon the nature of research questions—exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, or evaluative (Saunders et al., 2019).
  • Quantitative methods suit questions about relationships or effects; qualitative methods suit understanding perceptions or processes.

Step 2: Review Methodological Literature

  • Engage with foundational texts and recent studies in your discipline to understand methodological conventions (Silverman, 2016).
  • Identify methods commonly employed to address similar research problems.

Step 3: Evaluate Practical Considerations

  • Consider resources, access to data or participants, ethical constraints, and your own skills (Cohen, Manion & Morrison, 2017).
  • Seek training or mentorship in unfamiliar methods.

Step 4: Consult Supervisors and Experts

  • Discuss method options and implications with supervisors or methodological specialists.
  • Attend workshops or seminars to deepen methodological understanding.

Step 5: Pilot Study

  • Where possible, conduct a pilot to test the feasibility and reliability of chosen methods (van Teijlingen & Hundley, 2001).

Conclusion

Developing a thorough understanding of research methods is essential for doctoral success. A deliberate, reflective approach to selecting and mastering methodologies enhances the rigour and impact of doctoral research.

References

  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Research Methods in Education (8th ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students (8th ed.). Harlow: Pearson.
  • Silverman, D. (2016). Qualitative Research (4th ed.). London: Sage.
  • van Teijlingen, E., & Hundley, V. (2001). The Importance of Pilot Studies. Nursing Standard, 16(40), 33–36. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2002.01.16.40.33.c3214
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