Christian
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11: Comparative Analysis – Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism on Human Nature
Human Composition in Biblical Theology 1. Introduction Human nature—what constitutes a person and what happens after death—is a foundational question across all religious traditions. Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism each offer distinct perspectives on the composition of the human being, including views on the body, soul, spirit, and eternity.…
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6: The Holy Spirit in Early Judaism and Christianity
1. Term: Holy Spirit Meaning: God’s empowering presence and active force in the world and in believers. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Biblical and Extra-Biblical Examples: 4. Cultural Significance:
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Genesis: Creation, Covenant, and the Promise of Blessing – A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction Genesis, the first book of the Torah/Pentateuch, serves as the foundational narrative for both Judaism and Christianity. It details the origins of the cosmos, humanity, sin, and God’s covenant with Abraham—the progenitor of Israel. While both religions revere Genesis as sacred Scripture, their doctrinal emphases diverge, especially concerning…
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Exodus: Deliverance, Covenant, and Divine Presence – A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction The book of Exodus is pivotal in both Judaism and Christianity, recounting Israel’s deliverance from Egyptian bondage and the establishment of the Sinai covenant. This narrative and legal corpus shapes foundational doctrines about God’s saving acts, lawgiving, and presence among His people. While Judaism emphasises national identity and…
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Leviticus: Holiness, Sacrifice, and Priestly Mediation – A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction Leviticus, the third book of the Torah/Pentateuch, is primarily concerned with laws governing holiness, ritual purity, sacrifices, and the priesthood. It is foundational for Jewish religious life, prescribing detailed commandments for worship and ethical conduct. Christianity acknowledges Leviticus’ importance but interprets its sacrificial and priestly system as fulfilled…
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Numbers: Wilderness Journey, Covenant Faithfulness, and Divine Provision – A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction Numbers, the fourth book of the Torah/Pentateuch, narrates Israel’s wilderness journey from Sinai to the borders of the Promised Land. It emphasizes God’s faithfulness amid Israel’s testing, the organisation of the community, and covenant obedience. Judaism views Numbers as a testament to God’s steadfast covenantal relationship and disciplinary…
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Deuteronomy: Covenant Renewal, Law, and Love – A Doctrinal Comparison between Judaism and Christianity
1. Introduction Deuteronomy, the fifth and final book of the Torah/Pentateuch, functions as a covenant renewal document. It restates and expands the law originally given at Sinai, emphasising faithfulness, obedience, and the exclusive worship of Yahweh. Judaism regards Deuteronomy as a crucial text for covenant loyalty and ethical monotheism, while…
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Comparative Overview of Core Doctrines in Judaism and Christianity Based on the Torah/Pentateuch
1. Introduction The Torah, consisting of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, forms the doctrinal and narrative foundation for both Judaism and Christianity. Despite shared reverence for these texts, the two faiths have developed distinctive theological interpretations and doctrinal emphases. This article provides a systematic comparison of the main core…
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What Are the Major World Religions?
Comparative Religion Questions 1. Introduction The term “major world religions” refers to religious traditions with substantial global influence, historical depth, and significant numbers of adherents. These religions have shaped civilisations, cultural identities, and moral systems across history. This analysis outlines: 2. Criteria for “Major World Religions” 2.1 Demographic Size Religions…
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How Are Monotheistic Religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism) Similar and Different?
Comparative Religion Questions 1. Introduction Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, often termed the Abrahamic religions, share historical and theological roots yet differ in doctrines, practices, and interpretations of revelation. This analysis examines: 2. Core Similarities 2.1 Monotheism All affirm belief in One God: 2.2 Abrahamic Lineage All trace spiritual heritage to…
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Christian and Islamic Sectarian Composition and Nuclear Capabilities
1. Introduction Christianity and Islam are the world’s largest religions, with approximately 2.4 billion and 1.9 billion adherents, respectively (Pew Research Center, 2015). Both are divided into major denominational or sectarian groups, shaping the religious and geopolitical landscapes of Christian- and Muslim-majority countries. This report addresses the following: (1) the…
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Comparative Analysis of Christianity and Islam
Denominational Groups, Population, Countries, and Nuclear Capabilities 1. Introduction Christianity and Islam, with approximately 2.4 billion and 1.9 billion adherents respectively, are the world’s largest religions, each divided into major denominational or sectarian groups that shape their global distribution and geopolitical influence (Pew Research Center, 2015). This report compares Christianity…
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Christian-Majority Countries
Christian Denominational Groups, Population, Countries, and Nuclear Capabilities: An Academic Analysis 1. Introduction Christianity, with approximately 2.4 billion adherents, is the world’s largest religion, constituting about 31% of the global population (Pew Research Center, 2015). Its influence spans religious, cultural, and geopolitical domains, particularly in countries where it predominates. This…
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Comparative Analysis of Christian-Majority and Muslim-Majority Countries
Denominational/Sectarian Groups, Population, Countries, Nuclear Capabilities, and Regional Influence 1. Introduction Christianity and Islam, with approximately 2.4 billion and 1.9 billion adherents respectively, are the world’s largest religions, shaping cultural identities and geopolitical strategies across diverse regions (Pew Research Center, 2015). This report compares Christian-majority and Muslim-majority countries across five…
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Comparative Analysis of Christian-Majority and Buddhist-Majority Countries
Denominational Groups, Population, Countries, and Nuclear Capabilities 1. Introduction Christianity and Buddhism, with approximately 2.4 billion and 520 million adherents respectively, are two of the world’s major spiritual traditions, shaping cultural and geopolitical landscapes across diverse regions (Pew Research Center, 2015). This report compares Christian-majority countries and Buddhist-majority countries across…
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Comparative Analysis of Christian-Majority and Hindu-Majority Countries
Denominational Groups, Population, Countries, and Nuclear Capabilities 1. Introduction Christianity and Hinduism, with approximately 2.4 billion and 1.2 billion adherents respectively, are two of the world’s major religions, shaping cultural and geopolitical landscapes across diverse regions (Pew Research Center, 2015). This report compares Christian-majority countries and Hindu-majority countries across four…
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The Christian Life Journey (Content)
Chapter 1: Humanity’s Condition Before Salvation Chapter 2: The Proclamation of the Gospel Chapter 3: The Work of the Holy Spirit in Conviction Chapter 4: Saving Faith – Believing in Jesus Christ Chapter 5: Biblical Repentance Chapter 6: Confession and Commitment Chapter 7: The Meaning and Role of Baptism Chapter…
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The Christian Life Journey (Introduction)
Framing the Christian Journey Definition: What is the Christian Life? The Christian life is a lifelong, transformational journey of faith, rooted fundamentally in the gospel of Jesus Christ. This journey progresses through distinct stages—from spiritual blindness to eternal glorification—and is characterised by belief in the person and redemptive work of…
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Mere Christianity
Mere Christianity – C.S. Lewis 1. Full Citation Lewis, C.S. (1952) Mere Christianity. New York: Macmillan Publishing. 2. Introduction Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis is a profound and widely accessible apologetic work that seeks to present and defend the core beliefs of the Christian faith. Originally delivered as a series…
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Institutes of the Christian Religion
Institutes of the Christian Religion – John Calvin 1. Full Citation Calvin, J. (1536; final edition 1559) Institutes of the Christian Religion. Translated by Henry Beveridge (2008). Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2. Introduction John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion stands as one of the most influential theological works of…
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What Christians Ought to Believe
What Christians Ought to Believe – Michael F. Bird 1. Full Citation Bird, M.F. (2016) What Christians Ought to Believe: An Introduction to Christian Doctrine Through the Apostles’ Creed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic. 2. Introduction Michael F. Bird’s What Christians Ought to Believe presents Christian doctrine through the lens…
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Simply Christian: Why Christianity Makes Sense
Simply Christian: Why Christianity Makes Sense – N.T. Wright 1. Full Citation Wright, N.T. (2006) Simply Christian: Why Christianity Makes Sense. London: SPCK. 2. Introduction Simply Christian by N.T. Wright is a modern apologetic and theological primer that rearticulates the core tenets of Christian faith in a postmodern world. Intended…
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Why AI Is Important for Bible Study – For Christians and Non-Believers Alike
1. Introduction: The Meeting of Ancient Text and Modern Intelligence In an era where artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping sectors ranging from healthcare to finance, its application to religion—particularly Bible study—marks a compelling intersection between ancient wisdom and modern innovation. Far from replacing human interpretation or undermining faith, AI provides…