3: The Holy Spirit (Ruach) in Ancient Jewish Thought
1. Term: Ruach — רוּחַ (Spirit, Breath, Wind) Meaning: Spirit; God’s dynamic presence, life-giving breath, or wind. 2. Historical-Cultural Context:…
Tag: Jews
8: The Kingdom of God in Jewish Thought
1. Term: Kingdom of God — מַלְכוּת הָאֱלֹהִים (Malkuth HaElohim) Meaning: God’s reign, sovereignty, and rule. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3.…
9: Law (Torah) and Its Interpretation in Jewish Culture
1. Term: Torah — תּוֹרָה Meaning: Law, instruction, teaching; the divine guidance given to Israel. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Literary…
Jews / Israelites
1. Name / Role Jews / Israelites 2. Category Nations / Peoples 3. Time Period / Biblical Context The Jews…
Article 2: Paul and Peter – Conflict over Gentile Inclusion and Jewish Customs
1. IntroductionA pivotal moment in the early Christian church’s theological development is the confrontation between the apostles Paul and Peter…
The Rebuilding or Significance of the Temple (End Time)
Biblical Basis: A. Historical Context of the Jewish Temples Academic References: B. Prophetic Expectations of a Third Temple Fulfilment Expectation…
8.9 Stories of Jews / Israelites
🔹 Story 1: God Called Abraham to Begin the Nation of Israel Main Characters: Abraham, Sarah, GodStory Summary: God called…
ISRAEL – ABRAHAM TO MODERN (Contents)
PART I: Patriarchal Period – The Birth of a Nation (c. 2000–1700 BCE) The Call of Abraham Isaac and the…
Jacob (Israel) and the Twelve Tribes
Introduction and Narrative TransitionJacob, the younger son of Isaac and Rebekah, emerges as a central figure in the patriarchal narrative…
PART V: Divided Kingdom and Prophetic Warnings (930–586 BCE)
Split of the Kingdom: Rehoboam and Jeroboam Historical Background and Political DiscontentThe division of the united monarchy into two separate…
Northern Kingdom (Israel)
Political Structure and Dynastic InstabilityThe Northern Kingdom of Israel, established under Jeroboam I following the division of the united monarchy,…
Southern Kingdom (Judah)
Formation and Distinctive IdentityThe Southern Kingdom of Judah, formed following the schism of the united monarchy, consists primarily of the…
PART VI: Babylonian Exile and Persian Return (586–332 BCE)
Babylonian Captivity Historical Context and DeportationsThe Babylonian Captivity, or Exile, marks a decisive and traumatic period in the history of…
Cyrus and the Persian Restoration
Introduction and Geopolitical ShiftThe fall of the Babylonian Empire to the Persians in 539 BCE marks a dramatic turning point…
PART VII: Hellenistic and Hasmonean Period (332–63 BCE)
Alexander the Great and Hellenisation Historical Overview of the Hellenistic ConquestThe Hellenistic period begins with the conquests of Alexander the…
Seleucid Oppression and Maccabean Revolt
Background: From Ptolemaic to Seleucid RuleFollowing the death of Alexander the Great, his empire fragmented among his generals. Judea initially…
PART VIII: Roman Rule and Messianic Age (63 BCE–135 CE)
Rome Takes Control – Herodian Rule Introduction: Transition from Independence to Imperial RuleIn 63 BCE, the Roman general Pompey the…
Ministry, Crucifixion, and Resurrection of Jesus
Jesus in the First-Century Jewish ContextThe life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth must be understood within the complex socio-religious…
Jewish-Roman Wars and Diaspora
Introduction: From Resistance to DispersionThe first and second centuries CE witnessed two catastrophic Jewish uprisings against Roman rule, each resulting…
PART IX: Rabbinic Judaism and the Global Diaspora (135–1800s CE)
Rise of Rabbinic Literature and Yeshivas Historical Context: From Temple to TextFollowing the catastrophic defeat in the Bar Kokhba Revolt…
Life under Christian and Islamic Empires
Introduction: Divergent Experiences in Religious EmpiresFrom the early medieval period through to the early modern era, Jewish communities lived under…
Migration Patterns and Jewish Life in the Diaspora
Introduction: The Scattering of the Jewish PeopleFollowing the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) and the Bar Kokhba Revolt…
PART X: Zionism and Return to the Land (1800s–1948)
Modern Zionism and Political Mobilisation Introduction: Emergence of Nationalist AspirationsIn the context of 19th-century European nationalism, colonial realignment, and rising…
British Mandate and Conflicts
Introduction: Imperial Oversight and National AspirationsFollowing the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the League of Nations…
The Holocaust (Shoah)
Introduction: Genocide in the Modern EraThe Holocaust, or in Hebrew, the Shoah (“catastrophe”), represents the most systematic and devastating genocide…
The Israel–Palestine Conflict
The Israel–Palestine Conflict: Historical Roots, Contemporary Challenges, and Prospects for Peace Introduction The Israel–Palestine conflict stands as one of the…
PART XI: Modern State of Israel (1948–Present)
Declaration of Independence (1948) Historical Background and the UN Partition PlanIn the wake of the Holocaust and the breakdown of…
Religious Landscape and Global Jewish Identity
Introduction: Unity and Pluralism in Jewish FaithModern Israel and the global Jewish world together encompass a wide spectrum of religious…