Definitions, Differences, and Academic Usage
Introduction
The terms thesis and dissertation are often used interchangeably but can have distinct meanings depending on academic traditions and regions. This article clarifies the definitions of each, highlights their differences, and explores their usage in doctoral and master’s education contexts.
What is a Thesis?
- A thesis is an extended piece of academic writing based on original research, submitted as part of a master’s or doctoral degree.
- It presents the author’s research and findings, demonstrating mastery of a specific topic (Murray, 2011).
- In some countries (e.g., UK, Australia), the term “thesis” is commonly used for doctoral research submissions.
What is a Dissertation?
- A dissertation is also a substantial piece of academic writing based on research.
- In the United States and some other countries, “dissertation” often refers specifically to doctoral-level research documents, whereas “thesis” refers to master’s level projects (Galvan & Galvan, 2017).
- Conversely, in some regions, “dissertation” is used for master’s research, and “thesis” for doctoral work.
Key Differences and Similarities
| Aspect | Thesis | Dissertation |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Degree Level | Master’s or Doctoral | Doctoral (commonly in the US) |
| Purpose | Demonstrate understanding and mastery | Contribute original knowledge |
| Length | Generally shorter (master’s thesis) | Typically longer (doctoral dissertation) |
| Scope | Focused on a specific question or topic | Broader, more comprehensive research |
| Examination | May involve oral defence or assessment | Usually includes oral defence (viva voce) |
| Usage by Region | Common term in UK, Australia, Europe | Common term in US, some other countries |
Similarities
- Both require critical engagement with literature, systematic research, and coherent academic writing.
- Both culminate the degree programme and are subject to evaluation by academic committees.
Conclusion
While “thesis” and “dissertation” can differ in meaning and usage internationally, both represent rigorous research documents integral to postgraduate education. Awareness of regional conventions helps clarify expectations for students and educators.
References
- Galvan, J. L., & Galvan, M. C. (2017). Writing Literature Reviews: A Guide for Students of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (7th ed.). Routledge.
- Murray, R. (2011). How to Write a Thesis (3rd ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press.