Solomon – Wisdom and the Temple
Introduction and Dynastic SuccessionSolomon, the son of David and Bathsheba, succeeds his father as the third king of the united…
Category: Religion
PART V: Divided Kingdom and Prophetic Warnings (930–586 BCE)
Split of the Kingdom: Rehoboam and Jeroboam Historical Background and Political DiscontentThe division of the united monarchy into two separate…
Northern Kingdom (Israel)
Political Structure and Dynastic InstabilityThe Northern Kingdom of Israel, established under Jeroboam I following the division of the united monarchy,…
Southern Kingdom (Judah)
Formation and Distinctive IdentityThe Southern Kingdom of Judah, formed following the schism of the united monarchy, consists primarily of the…
PART VI: Babylonian Exile and Persian Return (586–332 BCE)
Babylonian Captivity Historical Context and DeportationsThe Babylonian Captivity, or Exile, marks a decisive and traumatic period in the history of…
Cyrus and the Persian Restoration
Introduction and Geopolitical ShiftThe fall of the Babylonian Empire to the Persians in 539 BCE marks a dramatic turning point…
PART VII: Hellenistic and Hasmonean Period (332–63 BCE)
Alexander the Great and Hellenisation Historical Overview of the Hellenistic ConquestThe Hellenistic period begins with the conquests of Alexander the…
Seleucid Oppression and Maccabean Revolt
Background: From Ptolemaic to Seleucid RuleFollowing the death of Alexander the Great, his empire fragmented among his generals. Judea initially…
PART VIII: Roman Rule and Messianic Age (63 BCE–135 CE)
Rome Takes Control – Herodian Rule Introduction: Transition from Independence to Imperial RuleIn 63 BCE, the Roman general Pompey the…
Ministry, Crucifixion, and Resurrection of Jesus
Jesus in the First-Century Jewish ContextThe life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth must be understood within the complex socio-religious…
Jewish-Roman Wars and Diaspora
Introduction: From Resistance to DispersionThe first and second centuries CE witnessed two catastrophic Jewish uprisings against Roman rule, each resulting…
PART IX: Rabbinic Judaism and the Global Diaspora (135–1800s CE)
Rise of Rabbinic Literature and Yeshivas Historical Context: From Temple to TextFollowing the catastrophic defeat in the Bar Kokhba Revolt…
Life under Christian and Islamic Empires
Introduction: Divergent Experiences in Religious EmpiresFrom the early medieval period through to the early modern era, Jewish communities lived under…
Migration Patterns and Jewish Life in the Diaspora
Introduction: The Scattering of the Jewish PeopleFollowing the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) and the Bar Kokhba Revolt…
PART X: Zionism and Return to the Land (1800s–1948)
Modern Zionism and Political Mobilisation Introduction: Emergence of Nationalist AspirationsIn the context of 19th-century European nationalism, colonial realignment, and rising…
British Mandate and Conflicts
Introduction: Imperial Oversight and National AspirationsFollowing the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the League of Nations…
The Holocaust (Shoah)
Introduction: Genocide in the Modern EraThe Holocaust, or in Hebrew, the Shoah (“catastrophe”), represents the most systematic and devastating genocide…
PART XI: Modern State of Israel (1948–Present)
Declaration of Independence (1948) Historical Background and the UN Partition PlanIn the wake of the Holocaust and the breakdown of…
Major Wars and Peace Treaties
Introduction: Conflict and Diplomacy in a Volatile RegionSince its founding in 1948, the modern State of Israel has been shaped…
Social and Political Dynamics in Modern Israel
Introduction: Complexity in a Diverse SocietyModern Israel is a vibrant yet deeply complex society marked by ethnic, religious, political, and…
Technological and Economic Growth
Introduction: From Agrarian Roots to a Global Innovation LeaderIn less than a century, Israel has transformed from a modest, agrarian…
Religious Landscape and Global Jewish Identity
Introduction: Unity and Pluralism in Jewish FaithModern Israel and the global Jewish world together encompass a wide spectrum of religious…
PART XII: Theological and Prophetic Framework
Prophecies of Exile and Return Introduction: Covenant, Exile, and RestorationThe themes of exile and return form a foundational theological framework…
The Role of Israel in Christian Theology
Introduction: Continuity, Fulfilment, and MysteryThe question of Israel’s role in Christian theology has remained a central and often debated theme…
The Chi-Rho Symbol (☧)
The Chi-Rho Symbol (☧): Origins, Theology, and Historical Legacy Introduction The Chi-Rho symbol (☧), one of the earliest and most…
Constantine the Great (Roman Emperor)
Constantine the Great: His Rise, Reign, and Enduring Legacy Introduction Constantine I, more commonly referred to as Constantine the Great…
Bible Overview – by Books (Contents)
Old Testament Torah/Pentateuch Histories Wisdom Books Prophets New Testament Gospels & Acts Letters & Revelation
1. Genesis (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition 1.2 Authorship and Context 1.3 Literary and Thematic Features 1.4 Canonical and Interconnected…
2. Exodus (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition 1.2 Authorship and Context 1.3 Literary and Thematic Features 1.4 Canonical and Interconnected…
3. Leviticus (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition 1.2 Authorship and Context 1.3 Literary and Thematic Features 1.4 Canonical and Interconnected…
4. Numbers (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition 1.2 Authorship and Context 1.3 Literary and Thematic Features 1.4 Canonical and Interconnected…
5. Deuteronomy (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition 1.2 Authorship and Context 1.3 Literary and Thematic Features 1.4 Canonical and Interconnected…
6. Joshua (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Joshua – named after its central figure, Joshua (Hebrew: Yehoshua), meaning “The…
7. Judges (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Judges – derived from the Hebrew title Shoftim, meaning “judges” or “rulers.”…
8. Ruth (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Ruth – named after its central character, Ruth the Moabitess, whose name…
9. 1 Samuel (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Samuel – named after the prophet Samuel, the central figure at…
10. 2 Samuel (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Samuel – named after the prophet Samuel, whose influence shaped Israel’s…
11. 1 Kings (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Kings – originally part of a unified scroll with 2 Kings…
12. 2 Kings (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Kings – the continuation of the historical record begun in 1…
13. 1 Chronicles (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Chronicles – originally part of a single book with 2 Chronicles…
14. 2 Chronicles (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Chronicles – the second part of the originally unified book of…
15. Ezra (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Ezra – named after the scribe and priest Ezra, a key figure…
16. Nehemiah (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Nehemiah – named after its principal figure, Nehemiah, the cupbearer to the…
17. Esther (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Esther – named after the central Jewish heroine of the narrative. Her…
18. Job (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Job – named after the central character, Job, whose name may derive…
19. Psalms (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Psalms – from the Greek Psalmoi, meaning “songs sung to the accompaniment…
20. Proverbs (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Proverbs – from the Hebrew Mishlei, meaning “parables” or “comparisons.” The English…
21. Ecclesiastes (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Ecclesiastes – from the Greek Ekklesiastes, meaning “preacher” or “teacher,” translating the…
22. Song of Solomon (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Song of Songs – derived from the Hebrew Shir HaShirim, meaning “the…
23. Isaiah (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Isaiah – named after the prophet Isaiah (Yesha‘yahu in Hebrew), meaning “The…
24. Jeremiah (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Jeremiah – named after the prophet Jeremiah (Yirmeyahu in Hebrew), meaning “The…
25. Lamentations (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Lamentations – derived from the Latin Lamentationes and the Greek Threnoi, meaning…
26. Ezekiel (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Ezekiel – named after the prophet Ezekiel (Yechezkel in Hebrew), meaning “God…
27. Daniel (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Daniel – named after the book’s central figure (Daniyyel in Hebrew), meaning…
28. Hosea (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Hosea – named after the prophet Hosea (Hoshea in Hebrew), meaning “salvation”…
29. Joel (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Joel – named after the prophet Joel (Yo’el in Hebrew), meaning “The…
30. Amos (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Amos – named after the prophet Amos (Amos in Hebrew), meaning “burden”…
31. Obadiah (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Obadiah – named after the prophet Obadiah (Ovadyah in Hebrew), meaning “Servant…
32. Jonah (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Jonah – named after the central figure Jonah (Yonah in Hebrew), meaning…
33. Micah (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Micah – named after the prophet Micah (Mikayahu in Hebrew), meaning “Who…
34. Nahum (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Nahum – named after the prophet Nahum (Nachum in Hebrew), meaning “comfort”…
35. Habakkuk (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Habakkuk – named after the prophet Habakkuk (Ḥăḇaqqûq in Hebrew), possibly meaning…
36. Zephaniah (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Zephaniah – named after the prophet Zephaniah (Tsephanyah in Hebrew), meaning “Yahweh…
37. Haggai (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Haggai – named after the prophet Haggai (Ḥaggay in Hebrew), meaning “festive”…
38. Zechariah (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Zechariah – named after the prophet Zechariah (Zekharyah in Hebrew), meaning “Yahweh…
39. Malachi (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Malachi – named after the prophet Malachi (Malʾākhî in Hebrew), meaning “My…
40. Matthew (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Matthew – named after the traditional author, the apostle Matthew (also called…
41. Mark (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Mark – named after John Mark, traditionally considered the author and companion…
42. Luke (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Luke – named after its traditional author, Luke the physician and companion…
43. John (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: John – named after its traditional author, John the apostle, also referred…
44. Acts (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Acts – short for “The Acts of the Apostles,” though it primarily…
45. Romans (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Romans – named after the recipients, the Christian believers in Rome• Definition:…
46. 1 Corinthians (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Corinthians – the first of two extant letters written by the…
47. 2 Corinthians (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Corinthians – the second extant letter from the apostle Paul to…
48. Galatians (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Galatians – addressed to the churches in the Roman province of Galatia•…
49. Ephesians (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Ephesians – addressed to the saints in Ephesus, though some early manuscripts…
50. Philippians (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Philippians – addressed to the Christian community in the Roman colony of…
51. Colossians (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Colossians – addressed to the saints in Colossae, a city in the…
52. 1 Thessalonians (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Thessalonians – the first of two letters addressed to the church…
53. 2 Thessalonians (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Thessalonians – the second canonical letter addressed to the Christian community…
54. 1 Timothy (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Timothy – the first of two pastoral epistles addressed to Timothy,…
55. 2 Timothy (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Timothy – the second and final pastoral epistle addressed to Timothy•…
56. Titus (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Titus – a pastoral epistle addressed to Titus, a trusted co-worker of…
57. Philemon (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Philemon – a personal letter from Paul to Philemon, a Christian in…
58. Hebrews (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Hebrews – so named due to its extensive engagement with Jewish Scriptures,…
59. James (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: James – named after its author, traditionally identified as James the Just,…
60. 1 Peter (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 Peter – attributed to the apostle Peter, addressed to scattered Christian…
61. 2 Peter (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 Peter – the second epistle attributed to the apostle Peter, addressed…
62. 1 John (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 1 John – the first of three epistles attributed to John the…
63. 2 John (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 2 John – the second epistle attributed to the apostle John, also…
64. 3 John (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: 3 John – the third epistle attributed to the apostle John, the…
65. Jude (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Jude – named after its author, Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ…
66. Revelation (Bible Overview)
(1) Book Information 1.1 Title and Definition• Title: Revelation – also known as the Apocalypse of John; derived from the…
Israel and the End Times
Introduction: Israel in Eschatological PerspectiveThe role of Israel in eschatology—the theological study of the end times—has long been a subject…
Comparison with Matthew’s Genealogy and Luke’s Genealogy
Genealogical Direction and StructureLuke’s genealogy is presented in reverse chronological order, beginning with Jesus and tracing back to Adam and…
The Symbolic Act: The Cursed Fig Tree
1. Title of the Parable The Cursed Fig Tree (Symbolic Act of Judgment) 2. Scripture Reference(s) 3. Thematic Category Symbolic…
Prefiguring Jesus – by Books (Contents)
Old Testament Torah/Pentateuch Histories Wisdom Books Prophets New Testament Gospels & Acts Letters & Revelation
1. Genesis (Prefiguring Jesus)
Foreshadowing Jesus in the Book of Genesis 1. Introduction: Overview of the Book and Its Foreshadowing Themes 2. Historical and…
2. Exodus (Prefiguring Jesus)
Foreshadowing Jesus in the Book of Exodus 1. Introduction: Overview of the Book and Its Foreshadowing Themes 2. Historical and…
3. Leviticus (Prefiguring Jesus)
Foreshadowing Jesus in the Book of Leviticus 1. Introduction: Overview of the Book and Its Foreshadowing Themes 2. Historical and…