Holy Spirit
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Part 6. The Path to Liberation or Salvation
1. Introduction Having examined the origins of suffering and moral disorder, we now turn to the paths of transformation. Both Christianity and Buddhism affirm that the human condition is not hopeless: liberation or salvation is possible. Yet they differ profoundly in how this goal is reached. Christianity centres on divine…
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Part 3 – The Holy Spirit: The Living Breath of God
“And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.”— Genesis 1:2 (NRSV) 1. Introduction The Holy Spirit is the divine Presence and Power through whom God acts, speaks, and gives life.In Christian theology the Spirit is the third Person of the Trinity, fully God yet personally…
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Part 8 – The Language of the Spirit: Breath, Wind, Fire and Life
“The wind blows where it chooses, and you hear the sound of it, but you do not know where it comes from or where it goes. So it is with everyone born of the Spirit.”— John 3 : 8 (NRSV) 1 Introduction Every language struggles to express divine mystery. The…
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Part 10 – Knowing God Personally: Living in Divine Fellowship
“Indeed our fellowship is with the Father and with His Son Jesus Christ.”— 1 John 1 : 3 (NRSV) 1 Introduction The doctrine of the Trinity is not an abstract equation but a living invitation.God reveals Himself not only so that we may understand but so that we may enter…
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Final Synthesis – One Divine Name Confessed by Every Tongue
1 Introduction: The Journey of the Name From the revelation of YHWH at the burning bush to the confession “Jesus Christ is Lord” upon every tongue, Scripture unfolds a single narrative of divine self-disclosure. The Name is not a human invention but a revelation of God’s eternal being—first uttered to…
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Appendix I – The Personhood of the Holy Spirit: One Name, One Presence
Abstract This appendix investigates whether the Holy Spirit should be understood as a personal being or merely as an impersonal power of God. Drawing upon Scripture, linguistic analysis, and early Christian doctrine, it argues that the Spirit is fully divine and personally distinct, sharing the one divine Name of the…
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Appendix II – The Co-Agency of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
Abstract This appendix explores how the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit act together in every divine operation. Classical Christian theology maintains that all external works of God (opera ad extra) are indivisible: the three persons act with one will and purpose. Yet within this unity each person performs a distinct…
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Part VI – The Revelation and Recognition of Sin
14. The Law as Mirror 14.1 Purpose of the Ten Commandments The moral law—epitomised in the Decalogue (Exodus 20:1–17)—reveals God’s holiness and humanity’s deviation from it. The Law was never intended primarily as a means of salvation but as a disclosure of divine righteousness. Paul declares, “The law is holy,…
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Part 2 – Strength Begins in the Spirit
Key Verse “The Spirit of the LORD began to stir him while he was in Mahaneh Dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol.”— Judges 13 : 25 (NIV) 1. The Source of Samson’s Strength Before Samson ever performed a single feat of might, Scripture reveals its source: the Spirit of the LORD.…
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16: From Law to Spirit – The Commandments in the New Covenant
The Ten Commandments and the Teachings of Jesus: A Theological, Cultural, and Political Exposition 1. Introduction The Ten Commandments remain foundational to the biblical vision of righteousness, yet the coming of Christ and the gift of the Holy Spirit usher in a new covenantal context. No longer written merely on…
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The Holy Spirit in the Old Testament
The Holy Spirit in the Old Testament: Presence, Power, and Prophetic Preparation 1. Introduction The Holy Spirit, often referred to in the Old Testament (OT) as the “Spirit of the LORD” or “Ruach Elohim”, plays a vital but frequently under-recognised role in the narrative of God’s redemptive history. Though not…
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The Holy Spirit in the New Testament
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament: Person, Presence, and Power in the Age of Fulfilment 1. Introduction The New Testament (NT) brings the person and work of the Holy Spirit into clear and decisive focus. No longer operating as a primarily task-specific agent, the Spirit is now revealed as…
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The Holy Spirit in the Old and New Testaments
The Holy Spirit in the Old and New Testaments: From Divine Presence to Indwelling Power 1. Introduction The Holy Spirit is active throughout the entire biblical narrative, yet His role and manifestation differ significantly between the Old Testament (OT) and New Testament (NT). In the OT, the Spirit appears as…
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The Trinity in the Old Testament
The Trinity in the Old Testament: United Presence of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit 1. Introduction While the doctrine of the Trinity is clearly articulated in the New Testament, its roots extend deeply into the Old Testament (OT). The OT does not provide a systematic exposition of one God in…
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The Trinity in the New Testament
The Trinity in the New Testament: The Fully Revealed Presence of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit 1. Introduction The New Testament (NT) brings to completion what the Old Testament anticipates—the full revelation of the Trinity: one God in three persons—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This is not a philosophical doctrine…
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The Trinity Across Scripture
The Trinity Across Scripture: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in Old and New Testament Unity 1. Introduction The doctrine of the Trinity—that God is one essence in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—is a cornerstone of Christian theology. While the Old Testament (OT) lays the foundational framework, the New…
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72. Holy Spirit
Genesis 1:2 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. Genesis 6:3 3 And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he…
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92. Nature Of Holy Spirit
2 Samuel 23:2 2 The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue. Job 32:18 18 For I am full of matter, the spirit within me constraineth me. Isaiah 57:15 15 For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name…
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5: The Holy Spirit – Divine Person, Power, and Regenerator
Human Composition in Biblical Theology 1. Introduction The Holy Spirit is not a component of human nature, but the third Person of the Trinity—fully God, co-equal and co-eternal with the Father and the Son. His role in creation, inspiration, regeneration, sanctification, and glorification is foundational to Christian theology. This article…
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3: Spirit — Ruach (OT), Pneuma (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Ruach — רוּחַ Pronunciation: roo-AKH (ch as in Bach)Meaning: Spirit, breath, wind; the invisible life force and presence of God or humans. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Example Verses: Comparative Summary:
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10: Holy Spirit — Ruach HaKodesh (OT), Pneuma Hagion (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Ruach HaKodesh — רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Pronunciation: roo-AKH hah-koh-DESHMeaning: Holy Spirit; the sacred Spirit of God, active in creation, revelation, inspiration, and sanctification. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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3: The Holy Spirit (Ruach) in Ancient Jewish Thought
1. Term: Ruach — רוּחַ (Spirit, Breath, Wind) Meaning: Spirit; God’s dynamic presence, life-giving breath, or wind. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Biblical Examples and Notes: 4. Cultural Significance:
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6: The Holy Spirit in Early Judaism and Christianity
1. Term: Holy Spirit Meaning: God’s empowering presence and active force in the world and in believers. 2. Historical-Cultural Context: 3. Biblical and Extra-Biblical Examples: 4. Cultural Significance:
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Basil the Great – Pneumatology and the Holy Spirit
Top Christian Theologians by Theme and Denomination – Article 5Theme: Pneumatology (Doctrine of the Holy Spirit)Denomination: Eastern Orthodox 1. Introduction Basil of Caesarea (c. 330–379), widely known as Basil the Great, is one of the Cappadocian Fathers, alongside his brother Gregory of Nyssa and his close friend Gregory of Nazianzus.…
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5. Freedom and Spirit-Led Living: Ethical Living in Galatians
Introduction Paul’s letter to the Galatians strongly emphasizes Christian freedom rooted in faith in Christ the Messiah, contrasting it with legalistic bondage. This article explores how Paul connects this freedom to Spirit-led ethical living and community equality. 1. Freedom from the Law’s Curse 2. Walking by the Spirit 3. Equality…
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Chapter 3: The Work of the Holy Spirit in Conviction
Overview: How God Awakens the Heart The convicting work of the Holy Spirit is the crucial starting point in the believer’s journey of salvation. Before a person can respond to the gospel in saving faith and genuine repentance, they must be awakened to the reality of sin, the righteousness of…
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Chapter 8: Indwelling and Sealing by the Holy Spirit
Overview: The Spirit in Regeneration and Sanctification The indwelling and sealing of the Holy Spirit mark the moment of transition from spiritual death to new life in Christ. At the moment of true conversion, the Holy Spirit comes to dwell personally and permanently within the believer—not symbolically, but as a…
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11.3 Holy Spirit
🔹 Story 1: The Holy Spirit at Creation Main Characters: God (Trinity), Holy SpiritStory Summary: In the beginning, the Spirit of God hovered over the waters during creation, actively participating in the formation of the world.Key Verses: Genesis 1:1–2Theme Connection: The Holy Spirit is eternal and active from the very…