Episode 4 – Who controls the money?
Foreign intervention, recognition politics, sanctions architecture, and the “who controls the money?” problem 4.1 The central proposition In post-shock transitions,…
Tag: IMF
Episode 6 — Money, assets, and “external sovereignty”
How reserves, oil proceeds, CITGO, and SDRs become the real bargaining chips 6.1 The central proposition In a contested transition,…
Episode 7 — “Money inside the country”
Inflation, exchange rates, dollarisation, and why the central bank becomes a political battlefield 7.1 The central proposition When leadership is…
Episode 9 — Ecuador, Sri Lanka, Zambia
Comparative “Debt-for-Resources / Infrastructure-for-Finance” Cases Purpose of this episode To understand what a “China-heavy” creditor profile can mean for a…
Episode 10 — Venezuela’s decision-tree after the January 2026 rupture
Recognition, sanctions, oil-cash control, and debt work-out pathways 10.1 Why a “decision-tree” matters Venezuela’s problem is not a single crisis…
PART 2 — Post-War Rebuilding and the Boom (1945–1970)
From Global Ruins to the Greatest Economic Expansion in History 1. The World in 1945: Devastated, Exhausted, and Disconnected When…
PART 6 — The 2008 Global Financial Crisis
When the World’s Financial System Collapsed From Inside 1. The Calm Before the Storm: A Housing Market That Looked Unstoppable…
Part 13 – Market and Global-Finance Reactions to U.S. Government Shutdowns
13.1 Introduction Although U.S. government shutdowns are domestically driven political events, their ripple effects reach global financial markets, given the…
8 — Fiat Money and Modern Monetary Systems (20th Century)
Part D — Gold Standard and Fiat Money The 20th century marked the transition from gold-backed currency to fiat money,…
Chapter 11: The Sanctions Era – Economic Warfare and the New Global Order (Mid–Late 2022)
The Bear and the Eagle Volume 2: The Biden–Xi Reset or Rivalry (2021–2022) March – December 2022Washington – Moscow –…
Chapter 14: The Counteroffensive Begins – Zaporizhzhia, Sea Drones, and Crimea’s Shadow
The Bear and the Eagle Volume 2: The Biden–Xi Reset or Rivalry (2021–2022) June – September 2023Zaporizhzhia – Melitopol –…
Chapter 16: Autumn of Attrition – Drones, Diplomacy, and the Global Recession Risk (Oct–Dec 2023)
The Bear and the Eagle Volume 2: The Biden–Xi Reset or Rivalry (2021–2022) October – December 2023Kyiv – Moscow –…
India’s Bureaucratic Reforms (1991)
India’s Bureaucratic Reforms (1991): Liberalisation and Economic Growth Introduction India’s economic liberalisation in 1991 marked a watershed moment in the…
Russia’s Government Restructuring (1990s)
Russia’s Government Restructuring (1990s): Economic and Political Transformation Introduction In the aftermath of the Soviet Union’s dissolution in 1991, Russia…
The United Kingdom’s Austerity Measures (2010s)
The United Kingdom’s Austerity Measures (2010s): Economic and Social Impact Introduction In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis,…
The Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Causes, Consequences, and Global Implications Introduction The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991…