NT
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40. Matthew (The Choice: Vol.1)
Jesus Christ Category: Ultimate endurance in mission & sacrifice Could avoid: Call down angels, avoid suffering and the cross.“Do you think I cannot call on my Father, and he will at once put at my disposal more than twelve legions of angels?” (Matthew 26:53)Cross-Refs: Isaiah 53:7; John 10:18. Chose: To…
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41. Mark (The Choice: Vol.1)
Jesus Christ Category: Endurance in servanthood & suffering Could avoid: Refuse the way of suffering, take an easier path.“The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests and the teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and after three…
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42. Luke (The Choice: Vol.1)
Jesus Christ Category: Endurance in mission, suffering, and compassion Could avoid: Avoid the cross, reject rejection.“Father, if you are willing, take this cup from me; yet not my will, but yours be done.” (Luke 22:42)Cross-Refs: Isaiah 53:10; John 12:27. Chose: Walked the road of suffering with steadfast obedience.“The Son of…
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43. John (The Choice: Vol.1)
Jesus Christ Category: Endurance in love & sacrificial mission Could avoid: Avoid the cross, withdraw from suffering.“No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord.” (John 10:18)Cross-Refs: Isaiah 53:12; Philippians 2:8. Chose: Loved His own to the end.“Having loved his own who were in…
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44. Acts (The Choice: Vol.1)
The Apostles (as a whole) Category: Endurance in mission & persecution Could avoid: Stay hidden after Jesus’ death.“Then they gathered around him and asked him, ‘Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?’” (Acts 1:6)Cross-Refs: John 20:19; Matthew 26:56. Chose: Boldly preached Christ after Pentecost.“Day…
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45. Romans (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (Author & Example) Category: Endurance in apostleship & suffering for the gospel Could avoid: Stay silent, live as a respected Pharisee.“Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God.” (Romans 1:1)Cross-Refs: Philippians 3:4–8; Galatians 1:15–16. Chose: Preached boldly despite…
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46. 1 Corinthians (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (as Apostle & Example) Category: Endurance in ministry & suffering Could avoid: Stop preaching to avoid hardship.“To this very hour we go hungry and thirsty, we are in rags, we are brutally treated, we are homeless.” (1 Corinthians 4:11)Cross-Refs: 2 Corinthians 6:4–5; Acts 14:22. Chose: Work hard, preach faithfully,…
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47. 2 Corinthians (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (as Apostle & Sufferer) Category: Endurance in weakness & hardship Could avoid: Stop ministering to avoid pain.“We are hard pressed on every side, but not crushed; perplexed, but not in despair.” (2 Corinthians 4:8)Cross-Refs: Psalm 34:19; Romans 8:35–37. Chose: Continue serving despite cost.“Therefore, since through God’s mercy we have…
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48. Galatians (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (Defender of the Gospel) Category: Endurance in truth & opposition Could avoid: Compromise with Judaizers to avoid conflict.“Am I now trying to win the approval of human beings, or of God? Or am I trying to please people? If I were still trying to please people, I would not…
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49. Ephesians (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (the Prisoner of Christ) Category: Endurance in imprisonment & ministry Could avoid: Stop preaching to avoid chains.“For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus for the sake of you Gentiles…” (Ephesians 3:1)Cross-Refs: Acts 28:16, 30–31; Philippians 1:13. Chose: Continued teaching and interceding for the churches.“Pray also for…
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50. Philippians (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (Joyful in Chains) Category: Endurance in prison with joy Could avoid: Stop preaching and avoid imprisonment.“As a result, it has become clear throughout the whole palace guard… that I am in chains for Christ.” (Philippians 1:13)Cross-Refs: Acts 28:16, 30; 2 Timothy 2:9. Chose: Rejoiced in Christ, even in hardship.“Now…
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51. Colossians (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (the Suffering Servant of the Gospel) Category: Endurance in chains & ministry Could avoid: Stop preaching Christ to avoid prison.“Now I rejoice in what I am suffering for you.” (Colossians 1:24)Cross-Refs: 2 Timothy 2:9; Philippians 1:13. Chose: To labour for the church with all his strength.“To this end I…
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52. 1 Thessalonians (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (as Spiritual Father) Category: Endurance in ministry & example of faith Could avoid: Withdraw from persecution in Thessalonica.“We had previously suffered and been treated outrageously in Philippi, as you know, but with the help of our God we dared to tell you his gospel in the face of strong…
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53. 2 Thessalonians (The Choice: Vol.1)
The Thessalonian Believers Category: Endurance in persecution & growing faith Could avoid: Abandon faith under pressure.“We ought always to thank God for you… because your faith is growing more and more, and the love all of you have for one another is increasing.” (2 Thessalonians 1:3)Cross-Refs: Colossians 1:4; Philippians 1:9.…
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54. 1 Timothy (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (as Mentor & Example of Grace) Category: Endurance in faith despite past opposition Could avoid: Remain a Pharisee, persecutor of the church.“Even though I was once a blasphemer and a persecutor and a violent man, I was shown mercy.” (1 Timothy 1:13)Cross-Refs: Acts 9:1–6; 1 Corinthians 15:9. Chose: To…
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55. 2 Timothy (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (at the End of His Race) Category: Endurance unto death & faithfulness to Christ Could avoid: Deny Christ, seek release from prison.“For which I am suffering even to the point of being chained like a criminal. But God’s word is not chained.” (2 Timothy 2:9)Cross-Refs: Philippians 1:13–14; Acts 28:30–31.…
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56. Titus (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (as Sender & Example) Category: Endurance in apostolic mission Could avoid: Rest after years of hardship.“Paul, a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ to further the faith of God’s elect and their knowledge of the truth.” (Titus 1:1)Cross-Refs: Romans 1:1; Philippians 1:25. Chose: Continue mentoring and…
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57. Philemon (The Choice: Vol.1)
Paul (the Intercessor in Chains) Category: Endurance in appeal & advocacy Could avoid: Stay silent, leave Onesimus’ case unresolved.“I am writing to you as Paul—an old man and now also a prisoner of Christ Jesus.” (Philemon 9)Cross-Refs: Ephesians 3:1; Colossians 4:3. Chose: Appealed in love on behalf of Onesimus.“I appeal…
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58. Hebrews (The Choice: Vol.1)
Christ (Supreme Example of Endurance) Category: Endurance in obedience & suffering Could avoid: Refuse the cross, call on angels to save Him.“During the days of Jesus’ life on earth, he offered up prayers and petitions with fervent cries and tears… and he was heard because of his reverent submission.” (Hebrews…
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59. James (The Choice: Vol.1)
Believers Under Trials Category: Endurance in testing & maturity Could avoid: Lose heart or compromise under hardship.“Consider it pure joy, my brothers and sisters, whenever you face trials of many kinds.” (James 1:2)Cross-Refs: Romans 5:3–5; 1 Peter 1:6–7. Chose: Persevere so faith may mature.“…because you know that the testing of…
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60. 1 Peter (The Choice: Vol.1)
Christ (The Example of Suffering) Category: Endurance in unjust suffering & obedience Could avoid: Resist arrest, call on angels to defend Him.“When they hurled their insults at him, he did not retaliate; when he suffered, he made no threats. Instead, he entrusted himself to him who judges justly.” (1 Peter…
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61. 2 Peter (The Choice: Vol.1)
Peter (the Aging Apostle) Category: Endurance in teaching & preparing the church Could avoid: Stay silent, protect himself from martyrdom.“So I will always remind you of these things, even though you know them and are firmly established in the truth.” (2 Peter 1:12)Cross-Refs: John 21:18–19; Acts 20:27. Chose: To keep…
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62. 1 John (The Choice: Vol.1)
John (the Elder Apostle) Category: Endurance in testimony & shepherding Could avoid: Withdraw quietly in old age.“That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes… this we proclaim concerning the Word of life.” (1 John 1:1)Cross-Refs: John 1:14; Acts 4:20. Chose: Continue…
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63. 2 John (The Choice: Vol.1)
John (the Elder) Category: Endurance in truth & shepherding Could avoid: Remain silent in old age.“The elder, to the lady chosen by God and to her children, whom I love in the truth.” (2 John 1)Cross-Refs: 1 John 1:1–3; 3 John 1. Chose: To write, urging them to remain in…
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64. 3 John (The Choice: Vol.1)
John (the Elder Apostle) Category: Endurance in guiding truth & love Could avoid: Stay silent in old age.“The elder, to my dear friend Gaius, whom I love in the truth.” (3 John 1:1)Cross-Refs: 2 John 1; John 21:20–24. Chose: Encouraged believers to walk in truth and show hospitality.“I have no…
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65. Jude (The Choice: Vol.1)
Jude (the Author, Brother of James and Jesus’ Servant) Category: Endurance in contending for truth Could avoid: Stay silent against false teachers.“Although I was very eager to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt compelled to write and urge you to contend for the faith.” (Jude 3)Cross-Refs:…
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66. Revelation (The Choice: Vol.1)
Christ (the Faithful Witness & Conqueror) Category: Endurance in suffering & triumph Could avoid: Escape the cross, call on heaven’s armies.“I am the Living One; I was dead, and now look, I am alive for ever and ever!” (Revelation 1:18)Cross-Refs: John 10:18; Hebrews 12:2. Chose: To conquer through His blood.“To…
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40. Matthew (The Choice: Vol.2)
Pharisees and Teachers of the Law Category: Failure of sincerity & truth Could endure: Teach God’s law faithfully, lead people to righteousness.“The teachers of the law and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat. So you must be careful to do everything they tell you.” (Matthew 23:2–3a)Cross-Refs: Deuteronomy 6:6–7; Malachi 2:7.…
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41. Mark (The Choice: Vol.2)
Disciples’ Fear and Desertion Category: Failure of courage & faith Could endure: Stand with Jesus in His trial.“Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation.” (Mark 14:38)Cross-Refs: Matthew 26:41; Luke 22:40. Chose wrongly: Fled in fear.“Then everyone deserted him and fled.” (Mark 14:50)Cross-Refs: Zechariah 13:7; John 16:32.…
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42. Luke (The Choice Vol.2)
Pharisees and Experts in the Law Category: Failure of sincerity & truth Could endure: Practice justice and love of God.“But give what is inside the dish to the poor, and everything will be clean for you.” (Luke 11:41)Cross-Refs: Micah 6:8; Matthew 23:23. Chose wrongly: Focused on outward appearances, neglected justice.“Woe…
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43. John (The Choice: Vol.2)
Jewish Leaders’ Rejection of Jesus Category: Failure of faith & humility Could endure: Receive Christ as the promised Messiah.“If you believed Moses, you would believe me, for he wrote about me.” (John 5:46)Cross-Refs: Deuteronomy 18:18; Luke 24:27. Chose wrongly: Opposed, accused, and sought to kill Him.“From that day on they…
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44. Acts (The Choice: Vol.2)
Ananias and Sapphira Category: Failure of integrity Could endure: Give honestly and humbly.“All the believers were one in heart and mind.” (Acts 4:32)Cross-Refs: Proverbs 12:22; 2 Corinthians 9:7. Chose wrongly: Lied about their gift.“Ananias… kept back part of the money for himself, but brought the rest and put it at…
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45. Romans (The Choice: Vol.2)
Humanity’s Sinfulness Category: Failure of righteousness Could endure: Acknowledge God through creation and truth.“For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities… have been clearly seen.” (Romans 1:20)Cross-Refs: Psalm 19:1–4; Acts 14:17. Chose wrongly: Suppressed the truth, turned to idolatry.“They exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images…
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46. 1 Corinthians (The Choice: Vol.2)
Divisions in the Church Category: Failure of unity Could endure: Be united under Christ alone.“Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you?” (1 Corinthians 1:13)Cross-Refs: John 17:21; Philippians 2:2. Chose wrongly: Formed factions around human leaders.“One of you says, ‘I follow Paul’; another, ‘I follow Apollos’; another, ‘I follow Cephas’;…
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47. 2 Corinthians (The Choice: Vol.2)
False Apostles Category: Failure of truth Could endure: Preach Christ sincerely.“For we do not preach ourselves, but Jesus Christ as Lord.” (2 Corinthians 4:5)Cross-Refs: 1 Corinthians 2:2; Galatians 1:8. Chose wrongly: Masqueraded as apostles of Christ.“Such people are false apostles, deceitful workers, masquerading as apostles of Christ.” (2 Corinthians 11:13)Cross-Refs:…
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48. Galatians (The Choice Vol.2)
Deserting the True Gospel Category: Failure of faith Could endure: Hold firmly to the gospel of grace.“I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called you to live in the grace of Christ.” (Galatians 1:6)Cross-Refs: 1 Corinthians 15:1–2; Hebrews 2:1. Chose wrongly: Turned to a different…
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49. Ephesians (The Choice: Vol.2)
The Old Way of Life Category: Failure of holiness Could endure: Put off the old self, live in Christ.“You were taught… to put off your old self, which is being corrupted by its deceitful desires.” (Ephesians 4:22)Cross-Refs: Romans 6:6; Colossians 3:9–10. Chose wrongly: Continued in Gentile futility.“You must no longer…
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50. Philippians (The Choice: Vol.2)
Selfish Ambition and Rivalry Category: Failure of humility Could endure: Preach Christ out of love.“The former preach Christ out of love, knowing that I am put here for the defense of the gospel.” (Philippians 1:16)Cross-Refs: 1 Corinthians 13:4–5; Galatians 5:13. Chose wrongly: Preached Christ out of envy and rivalry.“It is…
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51. Colossians (The Choice: Vol.2)
False Philosophy Category: Failure of truth Could endure: Remain rooted in Christ.“So then, just as you received Christ Jesus as Lord, continue to live your lives in him.” (Colossians 2:6)Cross-Refs: John 15:4; 1 Corinthians 3:11. Chose wrongly: Followed hollow and deceptive philosophy.“See to it that no one takes you captive…
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52. 1 Thessalonians (The Choice: Vol.2)
Sexual Immorality Category: Failure of holiness Could endure: Live in sanctification and honour.“It is God’s will that you should be sanctified: that you should avoid sexual immorality.” (1 Thessalonians 4:3)Cross-Refs: Hebrews 13:4; 1 Corinthians 6:18–20. Chose wrongly: Indulged in lustful passions.“…not in passionate lust like the pagans, who do not…
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53. 2 Thessalonians (The Choice: Vol.2)
Deception About Christ’s Coming Category: Failure of discernment Could endure: Stand firm in apostolic teaching.“So then, brothers and sisters, stand firm and hold fast to the teachings we passed on to you.” (2 Thessalonians 2:15)Cross-Refs: 1 Corinthians 15:58; Jude 3. Chose wrongly: Believed false reports that the day of the…
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54. 1 Timothy (The Choice: Vol.2)
False Teachers Category: Failure of truth Could endure: Teach sound doctrine that builds faith.“Command certain people not to teach false doctrines any longer.” (1 Timothy 1:3)Cross-Refs: Titus 1:9; 2 Timothy 1:13. Chose wrongly: Devoted themselves to myths and endless genealogies.“They want to be teachers of the law, but they do…
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55. 2 Timothy (The Choice: Vol.2)
False Teachers Category: Failure of truth Could endure: Handle the word of truth correctly.“Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved… who correctly handles the word of truth.” (2 Timothy 2:15)Cross-Refs: Titus 1:9; Acts 20:30. Chose wrongly: Spread godless chatter and heresy.“Their teaching will spread like gangrene.…
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56. Titus (The Voice: Vol.2)
False Teachers Category: Failure of truth Could endure: Teach what is sound in doctrine.“You must teach what is in accord with sound doctrine.” (Titus 2:1)Cross-Refs: 2 Timothy 1:13; Acts 20:28–30. Chose wrongly: Taught things they ought not to teach.“They must be silenced, because they are disrupting whole households by teaching…
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57. Philemon (The Voice: Vol.2)
Refusal to Forgive Onesimus Category: Failure of love & reconciliation Could endure: Welcome Onesimus as a brother in Christ.“No longer as a slave, but better than a slave, as a dear brother.” (Philemon 16)Cross-Refs: Matthew 6:14–15; Colossians 3:13. Chose wrongly (implied possibility): Keep resentment and treat him as a runaway…
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58. Hebrews (The Choice: Vol.2)
Drifting Away Category: Failure of vigilance Could endure: Pay careful attention to salvation.“We must pay the most careful attention, therefore, to what we have heard, so that we do not drift away.” (Hebrews 2:1)Cross-Refs: Proverbs 4:23; Colossians 2:6–7. Chose wrongly: Neglected so great a salvation.“…how shall we escape if we…
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59. James (The Choice: Vol.2)
Double-Mindedness Category: Failure of faith Could endure: Ask God in faith without doubting.“But when you ask, you must believe and not doubt.” (James 1:6)Cross-Refs: Mark 11:24; Hebrews 11:6. Chose wrongly: Wavered between faith and doubt.“Such a person is double-minded and unstable in all they do.” (James 1:8)Cross-Refs: Matthew 6:24; 1…
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60. 1 Peter (The Choice: Vol.2)
Disobedient to the Word Category: Failure of obedience Could endure: Obey the gospel and be built into God’s house.“Now that you have purified yourselves by obeying the truth…” (1 Peter 1:22)Cross-Refs: John 8:31; Hebrews 5:9. Chose wrongly: Rejected the message.“They stumble because they disobey the message—which is also what they…
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61. 2 Peter (The Choice: Vol.2)
False Teachers Category: Failure of truth Could endure: Hold fast to the prophetic word.“We also have the prophetic message as something completely reliable.” (2 Peter 1:19)Cross-Refs: 2 Timothy 3:16; Jude 3. Chose wrongly: Introduced destructive heresies.“But there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false…
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62. 1 John (The Choice: Vol.2)
False Claims of Fellowship Category: Failure of truth Could endure: Walk in the light.“If we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another.” (1 John 1:7)Cross-Refs: John 8:12; Ephesians 5:8. Chose wrongly: Claimed fellowship while living in darkness.“If we claim to have…
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63. 2 John (The Choice: Vol.2)
Deceivers Denying Christ Category: Failure of truth Could endure: Continue in the teaching of Christ.“As you have heard from the beginning, his command is that you walk in love.” (2 John 6)Cross-Refs: John 15:10; 1 John 2:24. Chose wrongly: Denied that Jesus came in the flesh.“Many deceivers, who do not…
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64. 3 John (The Choice: Vol.2)
Diotrephes’ Pride and Rebellion Category: Failure of humility & submission Could endure: Welcome and support apostolic authority.“We ought therefore to show hospitality to such people so that we may work together for the truth.” (3 John 8)Cross-Refs: 1 Thessalonians 5:12–13; Hebrews 13:17. Chose wrongly: Loved to be first, refused to…
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65. Jude (The Choice: Vol.2)
Ungodly Intruders Category: Failure of truth Could endure: Contend for the faith once delivered.“Contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to God’s holy people.” (Jude 3)Cross-Refs: 1 Timothy 6:12; 2 Timothy 4:7. Chose wrongly: Secretly slipped in and perverted grace.“For certain individuals whose condemnation was written about…
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66. Revelation (The Choice: Vol.2)
Ephesus: Forsaking First Love Category: Failure of devotion Could endure: Remain in love for Christ.“You have persevered and endured hardships for my name.” (Revelation 2:3)Cross-Refs: Matthew 22:37; John 14:15. Chose wrongly: Abandoned first love.“Yet I hold this against you: You have forsaken the love you had at first.” (Revelation 2:4)Cross-Refs:…
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6: New Testament Idolatry – Greed, Image, Power, and False Religion
1. Introduction While the Old Testament often portrays idolatry in overt, physical forms—statues, shrines, and rituals—the New Testament unveils a more subtle and internalised form of idolatry. Though Greco-Roman idols remained visible in Jesus’ and Paul’s day, the Holy Spirit, through the apostles, expands the definition to include greed, status,…
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Father God in the New Testament
Father God in the New Testament: Revelation Through the Son and Intimate Divine Relationship 1. Introduction The New Testament (NT) significantly deepens and personalises the concept of God as Father, building upon Old Testament covenantal themes. Through the life, teachings, and person of Jesus Christ, God is revealed not only…
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Father God in the Old and New Testaments
Father God in the Old and New Testaments: Continuity, Fulfilment, and Relational Depth 1. Introduction The image of God as Father is one of the most profound theological concepts in Scripture, yet its expression shifts dramatically from the Old Testament (OT) to the New Testament (NT). While the OT presents…
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Jesus Christ in the New Testament
The Son – Jesus Christ in the New Testament: Revelation, Relationship, and Redemptive Authority 1. Introduction The New Testament (NT) reveals Jesus Christ as the eternal Son of God, the incarnate Word, and the fulfilment of all Old Testament hope. While the Old Testament anticipates the coming of the Son…
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Jesus Christ in the Old and New Testaments
The Son – Jesus Christ in the Old and New Testaments: Prefiguration, Incarnation, and Fulfilment 1. Introduction Christian theology affirms that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is both eternally pre-existent and historically incarnate. Though the Old Testament (OT) does not name Jesus explicitly, it testifies to the coming of…
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The Holy Spirit in the New Testament
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament: Person, Presence, and Power in the Age of Fulfilment 1. Introduction The New Testament (NT) brings the person and work of the Holy Spirit into clear and decisive focus. No longer operating as a primarily task-specific agent, the Spirit is now revealed as…
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The Holy Spirit in the Old and New Testaments
The Holy Spirit in the Old and New Testaments: From Divine Presence to Indwelling Power 1. Introduction The Holy Spirit is active throughout the entire biblical narrative, yet His role and manifestation differ significantly between the Old Testament (OT) and New Testament (NT). In the OT, the Spirit appears as…
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The Trinity in the New Testament
The Trinity in the New Testament: The Fully Revealed Presence of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit 1. Introduction The New Testament (NT) brings to completion what the Old Testament anticipates—the full revelation of the Trinity: one God in three persons—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This is not a philosophical doctrine…
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The Trinity Across Scripture
The Trinity Across Scripture: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in Old and New Testament Unity 1. Introduction The doctrine of the Trinity—that God is one essence in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—is a cornerstone of Christian theology. While the Old Testament (OT) lays the foundational framework, the New…
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1: Hebrew Term: Shem — שֵׁם
Pronunciation: shemMeaning: Name; not merely a label, but an expression of identity, character, authority, and reputation — especially when referring to God. Old Testament Usage: Shem carries profound theological significance, often referring to God’s revealed identity and presence. To invoke God’s name is to appeal to His nature and covenant…
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2: Covenant — Berith (OT), Diathēkē (NT), and ITL Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Berith — בְּרִית Pronunciation: beh-REETHMeaning: Covenant; formal agreement between God and His people with promises and obligations. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Example Verses: Comparative Summary:
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3: Spirit — Ruach (OT), Pneuma (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Ruach — רוּחַ Pronunciation: roo-AKH (ch as in Bach)Meaning: Spirit, breath, wind; the invisible life force and presence of God or humans. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Example Verses: Comparative Summary:
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4: Salvation — Yeshuah (OT), Soteria (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Yeshuah — יְשׁוּעָה Pronunciation: yeh-shoo-AHMeaning: Salvation, deliverance; God’s saving acts on behalf of His people. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Example Verses: Comparative Summary:
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5: Wisdom — Chokmah (OT), Sophia (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Chokmah — חָכְמָה Pronunciation: khohk-MAHMeaning: Wisdom; practical skill, insight, and understanding rooted in the fear of the Lord. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Example Verses: Comparative Summary:
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6: Faith — Emunah (OT), Pistis (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Emunah — אֱמוּנָה Pronunciation: eh-moo-NAHMeaning: Faithfulness, trust, steadfastness; firm belief and loyalty toward God. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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7: Love — Chesed (OT), Agape (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Chesed — חֶסֶד Pronunciation: kheh-SEHDMeaning: Loving-kindness, mercy, steadfast love; God’s faithful, covenantal love and mercy. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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8: Righteousness — Tzedakah (OT), Dikaiosyne (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Tzedakah — צְדָקָה Pronunciation: tzeh-dah-KAHMeaning: Righteousness, justice, charity; right conduct and acts of kindness toward others. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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9: Prayer — Tefillah (OT), Proseuchē (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Tefillah — תְּפִלָּה Pronunciation: tef-ih-LAHMeaning: Prayer; an act of communication with God, including praise, petition, and confession. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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10: Holy Spirit — Ruach HaKodesh (OT), Pneuma Hagion (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Ruach HaKodesh — רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Pronunciation: roo-AKH hah-koh-DESHMeaning: Holy Spirit; the sacred Spirit of God, active in creation, revelation, inspiration, and sanctification. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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11: Kingdom — Malkuth (OT), Basileia (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Malkuth (Malchut) — מַלְכוּת Pronunciation: mal-KOOTMeaning: Kingdom, reign, sovereignty; refers to God’s rule and the dominion of kings. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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12: Law — Torah (OT), Nomos (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Torah — תּוֹרָה Pronunciation: toh-RAHMeaning: Law, instruction, teaching; refers primarily to the Pentateuch and God’s revealed will for Israel. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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13: Messiah — Mashiach (OT), Christos (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Mashiach — מָשִׁיחַ Pronunciation: mah-SHEE-akhMeaning: Anointed One; the promised deliverer and king in Israel. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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14: Kingdom — Malkuth (OT), Basileia (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Malkuth (Malchut) — מַלְכוּת Pronunciation: mal-KOOTMeaning: Kingdom, reign, sovereignty; refers to God’s rule and the dominion of kings. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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15: Law — Torah (OT), Nomos (NT), and Intertestamental Usage
1. Hebrew Term: Torah — תּוֹרָה Pronunciation: toh-RAHMeaning: Law, instruction, teaching; refers primarily to the Pentateuch and God’s revealed will for Israel. Old Testament Usage: Intertestamental Usage: New Testament Usage: Comparative Summary:
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Does the New Testament support a strict doctrinal distinction between Logos and Rhema, or is this a modern preaching construct?
1. Introduction In modern charismatic and evangelical preaching, Logos is often taught as referring to the written, general Word of God (Scripture), while Rhema is understood as a specific, spoken, personal word from God to an individual or situation. This distinction undergirds teachings on hearing God’s voice, prophecy, and faith…
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What is the ecclesiological significance of believers being described as God’s temple in the New Testament, and what are its theological and practical implications for the Church?
1. Introduction The New Testament presents a profound ecclesiological application of temple theology, teaching that believers collectively are now God’s temple, indwelt by His Spirit. This reflects a shift from a physical temple location (Jerusalem) to a spiritual temple community (the Church), redefining worship, identity, and mission in Christ. 2.…
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Bible Study Guide – for Believers (Contents)
1. Chronological Reading Plan 2. Canonical Reading Plan 3. Thematic and Doctrinal Studies 4. Book-by-Book Exegesis 5. Parallel Testament Reading 6. Psalm & Proverb Daily 7. Inductive Bible Study Method 8. Bible in Original Languages 9. Devotional + Academic Integration 10. Lectio Divina Approach (Spiritual Reading) 11. Annual Personalised Thematic…
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1. Chronological Reading Plan
1. Introduction The Chronological Reading Plan arranges the 66 books of the Bible according to historical timeline, rather than traditional canonical order. For believers familiar with Scripture, this method: 2. Purpose 3. Recommended Chronological Reading Order Phase 1: Creation and Patriarchs Phase 2: Exodus and Nation Formation Phase 3: Conquest…
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2. Canonical Reading Plan
1. Introduction The Canonical Reading Plan follows the traditional order of the 66 books as arranged in the standard Protestant Bible. This order reflects: 2. Purpose ✔️ To read Scripture as traditionally structured for liturgical and doctrinal formation✔️ To appreciate how books are grouped thematically and genre-wise✔️ To memorise book…
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3. Thematic and Doctrinal Studies
1. Introduction Thematic and doctrinal studies focus on reading the Bible by key theological themes or doctrines, allowing believers to: ✔️ Trace major concepts across books and covenants✔️ Understand how different authors address the same truths✔️ Integrate systematic theology with biblical theology✔️ Deepen faith by seeing God’s consistent character and…
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4. Book-by-Book Exegesis
1. Introduction Book-by-book exegesis involves systematically studying each book of the Bible in depth, analysing its: This method builds comprehensive mastery of Scripture, equipping believers for teaching, preaching, and deep personal growth. 2. Purpose ✔️ To understand each book as a complete literary and theological unit✔️ To discern authorial intent…
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5. Parallel Testament Reading
1. Introduction Parallel Testament Reading involves reading Old and New Testament passages simultaneously each day. This approach: ✔️ Maintains balance between Law, Prophets, History, and the Gospels, Epistles✔️ Helps see how New Testament teachings fulfil or echo Old Testament revelation✔️ Builds daily discipline in full-Bible engagement✔️ Strengthens understanding of biblical…
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6. Psalm & Proverb Daily
1. Introduction Reading Psalms and Proverbs daily builds a life rooted in worship, wisdom, prayer, and godly living. These books are structured to support: ✔️ Spiritual devotion (Psalms)✔️ Practical daily wisdom (Proverbs)✔️ Emotional and moral grounding for believers✔️ Patterns for prayer, praise, confession, and discernment 2. Purpose 3. Recommended Daily…
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7. Inductive Bible Study Method
1. Introduction The Inductive Bible Study Method is a structured approach to studying Scripture that moves from: This method ensures accurate understanding and prevents misinterpretation by letting Scripture speak for itself before applying it. 2. Purpose ✔️ Develops deep and disciplined Bible study skills✔️ Trains believers to rightly handle the…
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8. Bible in Original Languages
1. Introduction Studying the Bible in its original languages (Hebrew and Greek) enhances understanding of: ✔️ Precise meanings behind English translations✔️ Word nuances, grammar, and syntax✔️ Cultural and literary depth within Scripture✔️ Greater confidence in exegesis and doctrinal formulation 2. Purpose 3. The Original Languages A. Old Testament – Hebrew…
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9. Devotional + Academic Integration
1. Introduction Combining devotional and academic approaches to Bible study ensures that believers: ✔️ Grow spiritually (heart transformation)✔️ Deepen knowledge (theological and exegetical accuracy)✔️ Avoid becoming either dry scholars or shallow devotion readers✔️ Integrate truth into life, ministry, and discipleship 2. Purpose 3. Recommended Approach Step 1. Begin with Prayer…
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10. Lectio Divina Approach (Spiritual Reading)
1. Introduction Lectio Divina (Latin for “Divine Reading”) is an ancient Christian practice of prayerful, meditative Scripture reading that moves beyond study into spiritual encounter with God. It originated in early monastic tradition and remains a powerful method for: ✔️ Deepening intimacy with God✔️ Hearing His voice through His Word✔️…
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11. Annual Personalised Thematic Focus
1. Introduction An Annual Personalised Thematic Focus involves choosing a specific biblical theme, doctrine, or character trait as a spiritual growth emphasis for an entire year. This intentional approach: ✔️ Structures Bible reading and study around deep formation goals✔️ Allows immersive exploration of Scripture’s teaching on a theme✔️ Guides prayer,…
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Thematic Bible Reading Plan for non-believers or those unfamiliar with the Bible
Theme 1: Jesus Christ – The Centre of Christianity Theme 2: The Early Church and Christian Living Theme 3: Salvation, Grace, and Faith (Pauline Letters) Theme 4: Christian Leadership and Instruction Theme 5: Further Christian Teaching and Warnings Theme 6: Beginnings – God, Creation, and Covenant Theme 7: Conquest, Judges,…
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1-year Bible Reading Plan for unfamiliar with the Bible
1-Year Bible Reading Plan (All 66 Books) General Structure Month 1 – Jesus and the Early Church Goal: Understand who Jesus is, His teachings, and the birth of the Church. (Total: 117 chapters; ~4 chapters/day) Month 2 – Christian Life and Core Teachings (Letters) Goal: Grasp foundational Christian beliefs and…
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Bible Reading Order for Non-Believers / New Readers
1. Introduction to Jesus and the Gospel 2. Early Church and Christian Life 3. Pauline Letters – Foundations of Christian Belief 4. General Epistles 5. Old Testament Beginnings – Foundations 6. Historical Books – Israel’s Story 7. Wisdom and Poetry 8. Major Prophets 9. Minor Prophets 10. Final Book –…
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Matthew (Bible Translation History)
1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…
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Mark (Bible Translation History)
1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…
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Luke (Bible Translation History)
1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…
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John (Bible Translation History)
1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…
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Acts (Bible Translation History)
1. Chronological Evolution of Bible Translations 1.1 Ancient Translations (Before 5th Century CE) 1.2 Medieval Translations (5th–15th Century CE) 1.3 Reformation and Renaissance Translations (16th–17th Century CE) 1.4 Modern Translations (18th Century–Present) 2. Textual Criticism and Manuscript Traditions 2.1 Key Manuscripts 2.2 Textual Variants and Their Impact 2.3 Scholarly Methods…