Religion

  • 60. God’s Promises

    Genesis 3:15 15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. Genesis 13:15 15 For all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give it, and to thy…

  • 61. God’s Protection

    Genesis 1:26 26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth…

  • 62. God’s Will, God’s Desire

    Genesis 22:1-4 1 And it came to pass after these things, that God did tempt Abraham, and said unto him, Abraham: and he said, Behold, here I am. 2 And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of…

  • 63. Good Friday

    Genesis 3:15 15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. Genesis 3:21 21 Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins, and…

  • 64. Government, Leader

    Genesis 9:5-6 5 And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of every man’s brother will I require the life of man. 6 Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man…

  • 65. Grace

    Exodus 33:19 19 And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy. Psalms 23:6 6 Surely…

  • 66. Greed

    1 Kings 19:10 10 And he said, I have been very zealous for the LORD God of hosts: for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life,…

  • 67. Health

    Genesis 20:17 17 So Abraham prayed unto God: and God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his maidservants; and they bare children. Exodus 15:26 26 And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight,…

  • 68. Heaven

    Genesis 1:1 1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. Exodus 20:22 22 And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. 1 Kings 8:30 30 And hearken thou to…

  • 69. Hell

    Deuteronomy 32:22 22 For a fire is kindled in mine anger, and shall burn unto the lowest hell, and shall consume the earth with her increase, and set on fire the foundations of the mountains. 2 Samuel 22:6 6 The sorrows of hell compassed me about; the snares of death…

  • 70. Holy Bible

    Psalms 119:105 105 Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path. Jeremiah 23:29 29 Is not my word like as a fire? saith the LORD; and like a hammer that breaketh the rock in pieces? Matthew 4:4 4 But he answered and said,It is…

  • 71. Holy Of Holies

    Genesis 14:18-20 18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God. 19 And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth: 20 And blessed be the most high…

  • 72. Holy Spirit

    Genesis 1:2 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. Genesis 6:3 3 And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he…

  • 73. Hospitality

    Genesis 12:14-20 14 And it came to pass, that, when Abram was come into Egypt, the Egyptians beheld the woman that she was very fair. 15 The princes also of Pharaoh saw her, and commended her before Pharaoh: and the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s house. 16 And he entreated…

  • 74. Human Nature

    Genesis 1:27 27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. Genesis 6:5-9 5 And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his…

  • 75. Human Rights

    Genesis 1:26-27 26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth…

  • 76. Humbleness

    Deuteronomy 8:2 2 And thou shalt remember all the way which the LORD thy God led thee these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep his commandments, or no. 1 Kings 21:29 29 Seest…

  • 77. Idol

    Genesis 31:19 19 And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father’s. Exodus 20:3-6 3 Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in…

  • 78. Jesus’s Characters

    Genesis 3:15 15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. Isaiah 53:7 7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought…

  • 79. Jubilee

    Exodus 23:11 11 But the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie still; that the poor of thy people may eat: and what they leave the beasts of the field shall eat. In like manner thou shalt deal with thy vineyard, and with thy oliveyard. Leviticus 25:10-15 10…

  • 80. Judge Each Other

    Exodus 18:13-16 13 And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening. 14 And when Moses’ father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this…

  • 81. Lie, Lying

    Psalms 37:25 25 I have been young, and now am old; yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread. Psalms 37:39 39 But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD: he is their strength in the time of trouble. Proverbs 19:5 5 A…

  • 82. Life After Death

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    Genesis 15:15 15 And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age. Genesis 25:8 8 Then Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age, an old man, and full of years; and was gathered to his people.…

  • 83. Loan, Debt, Borrow, Lend

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    Exodus 22:14 14 And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good. Exodus 22:25-26 25 If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt…

  • 84. Love

    Genesis 29:18-20 18 And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter. 19 And Laban said, It is better that I give her to thee, than that I should give her to another man: abide with me. 20 And Jacob served seven…

  • 85. Marriage

    Genesis 1:27-28 27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. 28 And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over…

  • 86. Maturity

    Exodus 23:5 5 If thou see the ass of him that hateth thee lying under his burden, and wouldest forbear to help him, thou shalt surely help with him. Exodus 30:14 14 Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and above, shall give an…

  • 87. Meaning Of Life, Purpose Of Life

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    Genesis 1:26-28 26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth…

  • 88. Media

    Proverbs 11:14 14 Where no counsel is, the people fall: but in the multitude of counsellors there is safety. Proverbs 12:25 25 Heaviness in the heart of man maketh it stoop: but a good word maketh it glad. Proverbs 15:30 30 The light of the eyes rejoiceth the heart: and…

  • 89. Mission, Evangelism

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    Genesis 6:22 22 Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he. Exodus 14:14 14 The LORD shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace. Deuteronomy 10:12 12 And now, Israel, what doth the LORD thy God require of thee, but to fear the…

  • 90. Money

    Exodus 22:25 25 If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury. Deuteronomy 15:7 7 If there be among you a poor man of one of thy brethren within…

  • 91. Music, Praise

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    Genesis 4:20-21 20 And Adah bare Jabal: he was the father of such as dwell in tents, and of such as have cattle. 21 And his brother’s name was Jubal: he was the father of all such as handle the harp and organ. Exodus 15:1-2 1 Then sang Moses and…

  • 92. Nature Of Holy Spirit

    2 Samuel 23:2 2 The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue. Job 32:18 18 For I am full of matter, the spirit within me constraineth me. Isaiah 57:15 15 For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name…

  • 93. Necromancer

    Numbers 23:23 23 Surely there is no enchantment against Jacob, neither is there any divination against Israel: according to this time it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel, What hath God wrought! Deuteronomy 18:10-12 10 There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son…

  • 94. Obedience

    Genesis 22:17-18 17 That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies; 18 And in thy seed shall…

  • 95. Offering, Helping

    Leviticus 23:22 22 And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the…

  • 96. Oneness

    Deuteronomy 6:4 4 Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: Isaiah 9:6 6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting…

  • 97. Other Tongue, Unknown Tongue

    Isaiah 28:11 11 For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people. Mark 16:17 17 And these signs shall follow them that believe; In my name shall they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues; Acts 2:4-6 4 And they were all filled with…

  • 98. Palm Tree

    Exodus 15:27 27 And they came to Elim, where were twelve wells of water, and threescore and ten palm trees: and they encamped there by the waters. Leviticus 23:40 40 And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the…

  • 99. Patience

    Genesis 29:26 26 And Laban said, It must not be so done in our country, to give the younger before the firstborn. Exodus 16:8 8 And Moses said, This shall be, when the LORD shall give you in the evening flesh to eat, and in the morning bread to the…

  • 100. Pentecost

    Joel 2:28-29 28 And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: 29 And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids…

  • 101. Pharisees

    Matthew 3:6-7 6 And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins. 7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come? Matthew 5:20 20…

  • 102. Plan

    Genesis 41:33-36 33 Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise, and set him over the land of Egypt. 34 Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint officers over the land, and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous…

  • 103. Prayer

    Genesis 18:27 27 And Abraham answered and said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, which am but dust and ashes: Exodus 34:28-29 28 And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And…

  • 104. Pregnancy, Abortion

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    Genesis 1:28 28 And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth. Genesis…

  • 105. Pretence

    Joshua 8:15 15 And Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled by the way of the wilderness. Joshua 9:11-13 11 Wherefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spake to us, saying, Take victuals with you for the journey, and go…

  • 106. Priest

    Genesis 14:18-20 18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God. 19 And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth: 20 And blessed be the most high…

  • 107. Prophet

    Numbers 12:6 6 And he said, Hear now my words: If there be a prophet among you, I the LORD will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak unto him in a dream. Deuteronomy 18:15-22 15 The LORD thy God will raise up unto thee a…

  • 108. Rapture

    Judges 21:21 21 And see, and, behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in dances, then come ye out of the vineyards, and catch you every man his wife of the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin. Psalms 45:15 15 With gladness and…

  • 109. Refugee

    Exodus 22:21 21 Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. Leviticus 19:10 10 And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather every grape of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and stranger: I…

  • 110. Regret, Repentance

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    2 Chronicles 7:14 14 If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land. Proverbs 28:13 13 He that covereth…

  • 111. Religion

    Leviticus 17:7 7 And they shall no more offer their sacrifices unto devils, after whom they have gone a whoring. This shall be a statute for ever unto them throughout their generations. Leviticus 18:21 21 And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through the fire to Molech,…

  • 112. Respect Each Other (Matual Respect)

    Genesis 9:5-6 5 And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of every man’s brother will I require the life of man. 6 Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man…

  • 113. Resurrection

    Isaiah 26:19 19 Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they arise. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in dust: for thy dew is as the dew of herbs, and the earth shall cast out the dead. Ezekiel 37:3-14 3 And he said unto me, Son…

  • 114. Revenge

    Genesis 4:15 15 And the LORD said unto him, Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the LORD set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him. Genesis 9:5-6 5 And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the…

  • 115. Risk

    2 Kings 7:4 4 If we say, We will enter into the city, then the famine is in the city, and we shall die there: and if we sit still here, we die also. Now therefore come, and let us fall unto the host of the Syrians: if they save…

  • 116. Sabbath

    Genesis 2:2-3 2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all…

  • 117. Salvation

    Psalms 51:12 12 Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with thy free spirit. Luke 10:20 20 Notwithstanding in this rejoice not, that the spirits are subject unto you; but rather rejoice, because your names are written in heaven. John 14:6 6 Jesus saith unto him,I…

  • 118. Satan

    Genesis 3:1 1 Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the LORD God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? Genesis 3:4-5 4 And the serpent said unto the…

  • 119. Second Coming

    Psalms 96:12-13 12 Let the field be joyful, and all that is therein: then shall all the trees of the wood rejoice 13 Before the LORD: for he cometh, for he cometh to judge the earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people with his truth. Isaiah…

  • 120. Seed Faith

    Genesis 8:22 22 While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease. Genesis 26:12-14 12 Then Isaac sowed in that land, and received in the same year an hundredfold: and the LORD blessed him. 13 And the…

  • 121. Sex (Means Encounter Sex)

    Genesis 19:4-7 4 But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both old and young, all the people from every quarter: 5 And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to…

  • 122. Slavery

    Exodus 21:1-3 1 Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them. 2 If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing. 3 If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself:…

  • 123. Sorcerer

    Exodus 7:11 11 Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments. Leviticus 19:31 31 Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD…

  • 124. Talking, Conversation

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    2 Samuel 1:16 16 And David said unto him, Thy blood be upon thy head; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the LORD’S anointed. Psalms 15:1-4 1 LORD, who shall abide in thy tabernacle? who shall dwell in thy holy hill? 2 He that walketh…

  • 125. Tattoo

    Genesis 1:31 31 And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day. Leviticus 19:28 28 Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I…

  • 126. Tax

    Deuteronomy 14:28-29 28 At the end of three years thou shalt bring forth all the tithe of thine increase the same year, and shalt lay it up within thy gates: 29 And the Levite, (because he hath no part nor inheritance with thee,) and the stranger, and the fatherless, and…

  • 127. Teacher, Preacher

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    Exodus 4:12 12 Now therefore go, and I will be with thy mouth, and teach thee what thou shalt say. Exodus 35:34 34 And he hath put in his heart that he may teach, both he, and Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. Leviticus 10:11 11…

  • 128. Teleportation

    Psalms 90:4 4 For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night. Acts 8:26-31 26 And the angel of the Lord spake unto Philip, saying, Arise, and go toward the south unto the way that goeth down…

  • 129. Temporary, Short Life

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    Genesis 47:9 9 And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my…

  • 130. Temptation

    Genesis 25:29-34 29 And Jacob sod pottage: and Esau came from the field, and he was faint: 30 And Esau said to Jacob, Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage; for I am faint: therefore was his name called Edom. 31 And Jacob said, Sell me this…

  • 131. Testimony, Witness

    Genesis 21:30 30 And he said, For these seven ewe lambs shalt thou take of my hand, that they may be a witness unto me, that I have digged this well. Genesis 31:44 44 Now therefore come thou, let us make a covenant, I and thou; and let it be…

  • 132. Thanksgiving

    1 Chronicles 16:4 4 And he appointed certain of the Levites to minister before the ark of the LORD, and to record, and to thank and praise the LORD God of Israel: 1 Chronicles 16:8 8 Give thanks unto the LORD, call upon his name, make known his deeds among…

  • 133. Tithe

    Genesis 14:20 20 And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all. Genesis 28:20-22 20 And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go,…

  • 134. Trinity

    Genesis 1:1-2 1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. Genesis 1:26 26 And God said, Let…

  • 135. True Worship

    Genesis 4:4-5 4 And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering: 5 But unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance…

  • 136. Trying Hard

    Genesis 2:5 5 And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. Genesis 2:15 15…

  • 137. Unfairness, Bias

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    Genesis 3:16 16 Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Leviticus 19:35 35 Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard,…

  • 138. Unity

    Exodus 4:14-15 14 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Moses, and he said, Is not Aaron the Levite thy brother? I know that he can speak well. And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee: and when he seeth thee, he will be glad in his…

  • 139. Vegetarian

    Genesis 1:11 11 And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. Genesis 1:29-30 29 And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb…

  • 140. Wisdom

    1 Kings 3:9 9 Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad: for who is able to judge this thy so great a people? 1 Kings 3:28 28 And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had…

  • 141. World

    Romans 8:18 18 For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us. Romans 9:8 8 That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the…

  • 142. Worldly Affair

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    Hosea 7:14 14 And they have not cried unto me with their heart, when they howled upon their beds: they assemble themselves for corn and wine, and they rebel against me. Amos 7:17 17 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Thy wife shall be an harlot in the city, and thy…

  • 143. Youth

    Genesis 8:21 21 And the LORD smelled a sweet savour; and the LORD said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man’s sake; for the imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth; neither will I again smite any more every thing living,…

  • Foundations of Christian Theology (Contents)

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    Types of Theology: Major Branches, Subfields, and Theological Traditions Biblical Theology Systematic Theology Historical Theology Practical Theology Philosophical Theology Contextual and Liberation Theologies

  • Types of Theology: Major Branches, Subfields, and Theological Traditions

    1. Biblical Theology Definition Biblical Theology focuses on tracing the progressive revelation of God throughout the narrative and texts of the Bible. It seeks to understand Scripture according to its own historical, literary, and theological contexts, emphasising the unfolding story of salvation history. Specialised Subfields Prominent Theological Traditions/Systems Representative Scholars…

  • Biblical Theology

    1. Introduction Biblical Theology is a discipline within Christian theology that focuses on the progressive revelation of divine truth throughout the narrative and texts of the Bible. Rather than systematising doctrine abstractly, it seeks to understand theological themes and doctrines as they unfold historically and literarily within Scripture itself. The…

  • Systematic Theology

    1. Introduction Systematic Theology is a foundational discipline within Christian theology that seeks to organise the diverse teachings of Scripture into a coherent, comprehensive, and logical framework. It addresses fundamental doctrines concerning God, Christ, humanity, salvation, the Church, and last things, providing a structured articulation of Christian belief. Unlike Biblical…

  • Historical Theology

    1. Introduction Historical Theology is the discipline that examines the development, context, and transmission of Christian doctrines, practices, and theological reflections throughout the history of the Church. It seeks to understand how theological ideas have evolved in response to biblical revelation, cultural contexts, ecclesiastical controversies, and socio-political circumstances. By tracing…

  • Practical Theology

    1. Introduction Practical Theology is a branch of Christian theology concerned with the application of theological insights to the everyday life and ministry of the Church. It bridges the gap between doctrinal reflection and lived Christian experience by addressing areas such as pastoral care, worship, ethics, spiritual formation, and mission.…

  • Philosophical Theology

    1. Introduction Philosophical Theology is a branch of theology that employs philosophical methods to explore, clarify, and defend theological doctrines. It addresses fundamental questions about God’s existence, nature, and attributes, as well as the rationality of faith and the coherence of Christian belief. Philosophical Theology serves as a bridge between…

  • Contextual and Liberation Theologies

    1. Introduction Contextual and Liberation Theologies represent theological movements that develop Christian doctrine and praxis in response to specific cultural, social, political, and economic realities. They emphasise the lived experience of marginalized and oppressed communities, seeking to articulate a theology that promotes liberation, justice, and transformation. These theologies challenge dominant…

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  • The Nature and Powers of Satan (Contents)

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    Intelligence and Knowledge — Satan’s Mental Capacity Compared to Humanity Wisdom and Maturity — The Corruption of Satan’s Insight Power and Strength — Satan’s Spiritual Force and Mental Dominance Communication and Persuasion — The Father of Lies and Angel of Light Education and Religious Knowledge — Satan’s Theological Fluency and…

  • Intelligence and Knowledge — Satan’s Mental Capacity Compared to Humanity

    The Nature and Powers of Satan – A Biblical-Theological Series 1. Introduction Among the most striking features of Satan in the Bible is his profound intelligence and knowledge. Unlike mythological or dualistic portrayals of evil, Scripture presents Satan not merely as chaotic or mindless, but as a cunning adversary endowed…

  • Wisdom and Maturity — The Corruption of Satan’s Insight

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    The Nature and Powers of Satan – A Biblical-Theological Series 1. Introduction Wisdom in biblical theology is not merely the possession of knowledge but the righteous and reverent application of truth. Satan, though once created “full of wisdom” (Ezekiel 28:12), is depicted as a being whose wisdom became perverted through…

  • Power and Strength — Satan’s Spiritual Force and Mental Dominance

    The Nature and Powers of Satan – A Biblical-Theological Series 1. Introduction While the Bible does not attribute omnipotence or divine sovereignty to Satan, it does affirm that he possesses real, limited, and dangerous power. His strength is not primarily physical, but rather spiritual, psychological, and systemic—exercised through temptation, demonic…

  • Communication and Persuasion — The Father of Lies and Angel of Light

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    The Nature and Powers of Satan – A Biblical-Theological Series 1. Introduction Satan’s primary method of influence throughout Scripture is not brute force, but speech, persuasion, and deceptive communication. From his subtle dialogue with Eve in the Garden to his misquotation of Scripture to Christ, Satan is portrayed as an…

  • Education and Religious Knowledge — Satan’s Theological Fluency and Spiritual Counterfeit

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    The Nature and Powers of Satan – A Biblical-Theological Series 1. Introduction One of the Bible’s most startling insights is that Satan is not ignorant of theology. He possesses profound religious knowledge, not only of Scripture but also of divine worship, doctrine, and celestial order. His fall did not strip…

  • Experience and Strategic History — Satan’s Long-Term Influence from Eden to the End

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    The Nature and Powers of Satan – A Biblical-Theological Series 1. Introduction In contrast to human beings—who live within the constraints of time, mortality, and generational forgetting—Satan operates across millennia. His strategic experience is cumulative, extending from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3) through biblical history and into the eschatological…